The Hydration Characteristics, Structural Properties and Volatile Profile of Squid (Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis) Mantle Muscle: Impacts of Steaming, Boiling, and Sous Vide Cooking

Herein, the effects of boiling (BO), steaming (ST), and sous vide (SV) on the hydration characteristics, structural properties, and volatile profile of squid (Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis) mantle muscle (SMM) were investigated. Three cooking methods resulted in a dramatic decrease in proton mobility and freedom of protons, the relaxation time T(2) decreased after cooking, and the water binding in the SMM was closer, but the SV treatment could retain more water in the SMM. SV resulted in a lower cooking loss (10.8%) than ST (49.0%) and BO (36.7%). Samples treated with SV had a better color and texture, the secondary structure β-fold of the squid protein was damaged by cooking to a certain extent, and the damage degree was BO > ST > SV. Compared with BO and ST, SV treatment caused more damage to the myosin heavy chain, paramyosin, and actin in SMM, improved the tenderness of SMM, and resulted in more regular internal reticular structures and less formation of fibrous structures. Cooking methods can significantly affect the volatile components of SMM, resulting in increasing volatile components or generating new volatile components in SMM including 2-methylbutanal, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, acetic acid, and propyl methyl ketone in ST and BO samples and 2-methylbutanal, hexanal, and 2,3-pentanedione in SV samples. Therefore, SV resulted in the best quality squids and has substantial industrial application potential.