Cargando…
TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome
Adipose-derived cytokines may contribute to the inflammation that occurs in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) regulates energy expenditure and affects the production of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in metabolic diseases. Etanercept, which acts as a tumor necrosis...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34357066 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070695 |
_version_ | 1783727762491572224 |
---|---|
author | Hsu, Chia-Chen Cheng, Kai-Chun Li, Yingxiao Hsu, Ping-Hao Cheng, Juei-Tang Niu, Ho-Shan |
author_facet | Hsu, Chia-Chen Cheng, Kai-Chun Li, Yingxiao Hsu, Ping-Hao Cheng, Juei-Tang Niu, Ho-Shan |
author_sort | Hsu, Chia-Chen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Adipose-derived cytokines may contribute to the inflammation that occurs in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) regulates energy expenditure and affects the production of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in metabolic diseases. Etanercept, which acts as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist, can also block the inflammatory response. Therefore, the interaction between TNF-α and TGR5 expression was investigated in rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Heart tissues isolated from the HFD-induced MetS rats were analyzed. Changes in TGR5 expression were investigated with lithocholic acid (LCA) as the agonist. Betulinic acid (BA) was used to activate TGR5 in urinary bladders. LCA was more effective in the heart tissues of HFD-fed rats, although etanercept alleviated the function of LCA. STAT3 activation and higher TGR5 expression were observed in the heart tissues collected from HFD-fed rats. Thus, cardiac TGR5 expression is promoted by HFD through STAT3 activation in rats. Moreover, the urinary bladders of female rats fed a HFD showed a low response, which was reversed by etanercept. Relaxation by BA in the bladders was more marked in HFD-fed rats. The high TGR5 expression in HFD-fed rats was characterized using a mRNA assay, and the increased cAMP levels were found to be stimulated by BA in the isolated bladders. Therefore, TGR5 expression increases with a HFD in both the hearts and urinary bladders. Collectively, cytokine-medicated TGR5 activation was observed in the hearts and urinary bladders of rats. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8306239 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83062392021-07-25 TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Hsu, Chia-Chen Cheng, Kai-Chun Li, Yingxiao Hsu, Ping-Hao Cheng, Juei-Tang Niu, Ho-Shan Life (Basel) Article Adipose-derived cytokines may contribute to the inflammation that occurs in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) regulates energy expenditure and affects the production of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in metabolic diseases. Etanercept, which acts as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist, can also block the inflammatory response. Therefore, the interaction between TNF-α and TGR5 expression was investigated in rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Heart tissues isolated from the HFD-induced MetS rats were analyzed. Changes in TGR5 expression were investigated with lithocholic acid (LCA) as the agonist. Betulinic acid (BA) was used to activate TGR5 in urinary bladders. LCA was more effective in the heart tissues of HFD-fed rats, although etanercept alleviated the function of LCA. STAT3 activation and higher TGR5 expression were observed in the heart tissues collected from HFD-fed rats. Thus, cardiac TGR5 expression is promoted by HFD through STAT3 activation in rats. Moreover, the urinary bladders of female rats fed a HFD showed a low response, which was reversed by etanercept. Relaxation by BA in the bladders was more marked in HFD-fed rats. The high TGR5 expression in HFD-fed rats was characterized using a mRNA assay, and the increased cAMP levels were found to be stimulated by BA in the isolated bladders. Therefore, TGR5 expression increases with a HFD in both the hearts and urinary bladders. Collectively, cytokine-medicated TGR5 activation was observed in the hearts and urinary bladders of rats. MDPI 2021-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8306239/ /pubmed/34357066 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070695 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hsu, Chia-Chen Cheng, Kai-Chun Li, Yingxiao Hsu, Ping-Hao Cheng, Juei-Tang Niu, Ho-Shan TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome |
title | TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome |
title_full | TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome |
title_fullStr | TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome |
title_full_unstemmed | TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome |
title_short | TGR5 Expression Is Associated with Changes in the Heart and Urinary Bladder of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome |
title_sort | tgr5 expression is associated with changes in the heart and urinary bladder of rats with metabolic syndrome |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34357066 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070695 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hsuchiachen tgr5expressionisassociatedwithchangesintheheartandurinarybladderofratswithmetabolicsyndrome AT chengkaichun tgr5expressionisassociatedwithchangesintheheartandurinarybladderofratswithmetabolicsyndrome AT liyingxiao tgr5expressionisassociatedwithchangesintheheartandurinarybladderofratswithmetabolicsyndrome AT hsupinghao tgr5expressionisassociatedwithchangesintheheartandurinarybladderofratswithmetabolicsyndrome AT chengjueitang tgr5expressionisassociatedwithchangesintheheartandurinarybladderofratswithmetabolicsyndrome AT niuhoshan tgr5expressionisassociatedwithchangesintheheartandurinarybladderofratswithmetabolicsyndrome |