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What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Globally, farmers report high levels of occupational stress. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore factors associated with perceived stress among Canadian farmers. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used. An online cross-sectional national survey of Canadian farmers (n...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34299818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147366 |
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author | Hagen, Briana N. M. Sawatzky, Alex Harper, Sherilee L. O’Sullivan, Terri L. Jones-Bitton, Andria |
author_facet | Hagen, Briana N. M. Sawatzky, Alex Harper, Sherilee L. O’Sullivan, Terri L. Jones-Bitton, Andria |
author_sort | Hagen, Briana N. M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Globally, farmers report high levels of occupational stress. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore factors associated with perceived stress among Canadian farmers. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used. An online cross-sectional national survey of Canadian farmers (n = 1132) was conducted in 2015–2016 to collect data on mental health, demographic, lifestyle, and farming characteristics; stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. A multivariable linear regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with perceived stress score. Qualitative interviews (n = 75) were conducted in 2017–2018 with farmers and agricultural sector workers in Ontario, Canada, to explore the lived experience of stress. The qualitative interview data were analyzed via thematic analysis and then used to explain and provide depth to the quantitative results. Financial stress (highest category—a lot: (B = 2.30; CI: 1.59, 3.00)), woman gender (B = 0.55; CI: 0.12, 0.99), pig farming (B = 1.07; CI: 0.45, 1.69), and perceived lack of support from family (B = 1.18; CI: 0.39, 1.98) and industry (B = 1.15; CI: 0.16–2.14) were positively associated with higher perceived stress scores, as were depression and anxiety (as part of an interaction). Resilience had a small negative association with perceived stress (B = −0.04; CI: −0.06, −0.03). Results from the qualitative analysis showed that the uncertainty around financial stress increased perceived stress. Women farmers described the unique demands and challenges they face that contributed to their overall stress. Results from this study can inform the development of mental health resources and research aimed at decreasing stress among Canadian farmers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8306245 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83062452021-07-25 What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis Hagen, Briana N. M. Sawatzky, Alex Harper, Sherilee L. O’Sullivan, Terri L. Jones-Bitton, Andria Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Globally, farmers report high levels of occupational stress. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore factors associated with perceived stress among Canadian farmers. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used. An online cross-sectional national survey of Canadian farmers (n = 1132) was conducted in 2015–2016 to collect data on mental health, demographic, lifestyle, and farming characteristics; stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. A multivariable linear regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with perceived stress score. Qualitative interviews (n = 75) were conducted in 2017–2018 with farmers and agricultural sector workers in Ontario, Canada, to explore the lived experience of stress. The qualitative interview data were analyzed via thematic analysis and then used to explain and provide depth to the quantitative results. Financial stress (highest category—a lot: (B = 2.30; CI: 1.59, 3.00)), woman gender (B = 0.55; CI: 0.12, 0.99), pig farming (B = 1.07; CI: 0.45, 1.69), and perceived lack of support from family (B = 1.18; CI: 0.39, 1.98) and industry (B = 1.15; CI: 0.16–2.14) were positively associated with higher perceived stress scores, as were depression and anxiety (as part of an interaction). Resilience had a small negative association with perceived stress (B = −0.04; CI: −0.06, −0.03). Results from the qualitative analysis showed that the uncertainty around financial stress increased perceived stress. Women farmers described the unique demands and challenges they face that contributed to their overall stress. Results from this study can inform the development of mental health resources and research aimed at decreasing stress among Canadian farmers. MDPI 2021-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8306245/ /pubmed/34299818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147366 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hagen, Briana N. M. Sawatzky, Alex Harper, Sherilee L. O’Sullivan, Terri L. Jones-Bitton, Andria What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis |
title | What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis |
title_full | What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis |
title_fullStr | What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis |
title_short | What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis |
title_sort | what impacts perceived stress among canadian farmers? a mixed-methods analysis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34299818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147366 |
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