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RhoA Signaling in Immune Cell Response and Cardiac Disease
Chronic inflammation, the activation of immune cells and their cross-talk with cardiomyocytes in the pathogenesis and progression of heart diseases has long been overlooked. However, with the latest research developments, it is increasingly accepted that a vicious cycle exists where cardiomyocytes r...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306393/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359851 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071681 |
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author | Kilian, Lucia Sophie Frank, Derk Rangrez, Ashraf Yusuf |
author_facet | Kilian, Lucia Sophie Frank, Derk Rangrez, Ashraf Yusuf |
author_sort | Kilian, Lucia Sophie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chronic inflammation, the activation of immune cells and their cross-talk with cardiomyocytes in the pathogenesis and progression of heart diseases has long been overlooked. However, with the latest research developments, it is increasingly accepted that a vicious cycle exists where cardiomyocytes release cardiocrine signaling molecules that spiral down to immune cell activation and chronic state of low-level inflammation. For example, cardiocrine molecules released from injured or stressed cardiomyocytes can stimulate macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and even T-cells, which then subsequently increase cardiac inflammation by co-stimulation and positive feedback loops. One of the key proteins involved in stress-mediated cardiomyocyte signal transduction is a small GTPase RhoA. Importantly, the regulation of RhoA activation is critical for effective immune cell response and is being considered as one of the potential therapeutic targets in many immune-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. In this review we provide an update on the role of RhoA at the juncture of immune cell activation, inflammation and cardiac disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8306393 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83063932021-07-25 RhoA Signaling in Immune Cell Response and Cardiac Disease Kilian, Lucia Sophie Frank, Derk Rangrez, Ashraf Yusuf Cells Review Chronic inflammation, the activation of immune cells and their cross-talk with cardiomyocytes in the pathogenesis and progression of heart diseases has long been overlooked. However, with the latest research developments, it is increasingly accepted that a vicious cycle exists where cardiomyocytes release cardiocrine signaling molecules that spiral down to immune cell activation and chronic state of low-level inflammation. For example, cardiocrine molecules released from injured or stressed cardiomyocytes can stimulate macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and even T-cells, which then subsequently increase cardiac inflammation by co-stimulation and positive feedback loops. One of the key proteins involved in stress-mediated cardiomyocyte signal transduction is a small GTPase RhoA. Importantly, the regulation of RhoA activation is critical for effective immune cell response and is being considered as one of the potential therapeutic targets in many immune-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. In this review we provide an update on the role of RhoA at the juncture of immune cell activation, inflammation and cardiac disease. MDPI 2021-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8306393/ /pubmed/34359851 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071681 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kilian, Lucia Sophie Frank, Derk Rangrez, Ashraf Yusuf RhoA Signaling in Immune Cell Response and Cardiac Disease |
title | RhoA Signaling in Immune Cell Response and Cardiac Disease |
title_full | RhoA Signaling in Immune Cell Response and Cardiac Disease |
title_fullStr | RhoA Signaling in Immune Cell Response and Cardiac Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | RhoA Signaling in Immune Cell Response and Cardiac Disease |
title_short | RhoA Signaling in Immune Cell Response and Cardiac Disease |
title_sort | rhoa signaling in immune cell response and cardiac disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306393/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359851 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071681 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kilianluciasophie rhoasignalinginimmunecellresponseandcardiacdisease AT frankderk rhoasignalinginimmunecellresponseandcardiacdisease AT rangrezashrafyusuf rhoasignalinginimmunecellresponseandcardiacdisease |