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Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease
The small intestine has a high rate of cell turnover under homeostatic conditions, and this increases further in response to infection or damage. Epithelial cells mostly die by apoptosis, but recent studies indicate that this may also involve pro-inflammatory pathways of programmed cell death, such...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306608/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34299046 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147426 |
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author | Perez, Federico Ruera, Carolina Nayme Miculan, Emanuel Carasi, Paula Chirdo, Fernando Gabriel |
author_facet | Perez, Federico Ruera, Carolina Nayme Miculan, Emanuel Carasi, Paula Chirdo, Fernando Gabriel |
author_sort | Perez, Federico |
collection | PubMed |
description | The small intestine has a high rate of cell turnover under homeostatic conditions, and this increases further in response to infection or damage. Epithelial cells mostly die by apoptosis, but recent studies indicate that this may also involve pro-inflammatory pathways of programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis and necroptosis. Celiac disease (CD), the most prevalent immune-based enteropathy, is caused by loss of oral tolerance to peptides derived from wheat, rye, and barley in genetically predisposed individuals. Although cytotoxic cells and gluten-specific CD4(+) Th1 cells are the central players in the pathology, inflammatory pathways induced by cell death may participate in driving and sustaining the disease through the release of alarmins. In this review, we summarize the recent literature addressing the role of programmed cell death pathways in the small intestine, describing how these mechanisms may contribute to CD and discussing their potential implications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8306608 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83066082021-07-25 Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease Perez, Federico Ruera, Carolina Nayme Miculan, Emanuel Carasi, Paula Chirdo, Fernando Gabriel Int J Mol Sci Review The small intestine has a high rate of cell turnover under homeostatic conditions, and this increases further in response to infection or damage. Epithelial cells mostly die by apoptosis, but recent studies indicate that this may also involve pro-inflammatory pathways of programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis and necroptosis. Celiac disease (CD), the most prevalent immune-based enteropathy, is caused by loss of oral tolerance to peptides derived from wheat, rye, and barley in genetically predisposed individuals. Although cytotoxic cells and gluten-specific CD4(+) Th1 cells are the central players in the pathology, inflammatory pathways induced by cell death may participate in driving and sustaining the disease through the release of alarmins. In this review, we summarize the recent literature addressing the role of programmed cell death pathways in the small intestine, describing how these mechanisms may contribute to CD and discussing their potential implications. MDPI 2021-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8306608/ /pubmed/34299046 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147426 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Perez, Federico Ruera, Carolina Nayme Miculan, Emanuel Carasi, Paula Chirdo, Fernando Gabriel Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease |
title | Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease |
title_full | Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease |
title_fullStr | Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease |
title_short | Programmed Cell Death in the Small Intestine: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease |
title_sort | programmed cell death in the small intestine: implications for the pathogenesis of celiac disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306608/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34299046 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147426 |
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