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Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes
In recent decades, demands for novel insecticides against mosquitoes are soaring, yet candidate chemicals with desirable properties are limited. Kathon is a broad-spectrum isothiazolinone microbicide, but other applications remain uncharacterized. First, we treated larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34299452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144177 |
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author | He, Wen-Ze Pan, Li-Long Han, Wen-Hao Abd-Rabou, Shaaban Liu, Shu-Sheng Wang, Xiao-Wei |
author_facet | He, Wen-Ze Pan, Li-Long Han, Wen-Hao Abd-Rabou, Shaaban Liu, Shu-Sheng Wang, Xiao-Wei |
author_sort | He, Wen-Ze |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent decades, demands for novel insecticides against mosquitoes are soaring, yet candidate chemicals with desirable properties are limited. Kathon is a broad-spectrum isothiazolinone microbicide, but other applications remain uncharacterized. First, we treated larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus, two major mosquito vectors of human viral diseases, with Kathon at 15 mg/L (a concentration considered safe in cosmetic and body care products), and at lower concentrations, and found that Kathon treatment resulted in high mortality of larvae. Second, sublethal concentration of Kathon can cause significantly prolonged larval development of C. quinquefasciatus. Third, we explored the effects of two constituents of Kathon, chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT), on the survival of larvae, and found that CMIT was the major toxic component. Further, we explored the mechanisms of action of Kathon against insect cells and found that Kathon reduces cell viability and adenosine triphosphate production but promotes the release of lactate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Our results indicate that Kathon is highly toxic to mosquito larvae, and we highlight its potential in the development of new larvicides for mosquito control. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8306661 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83066612021-07-25 Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes He, Wen-Ze Pan, Li-Long Han, Wen-Hao Abd-Rabou, Shaaban Liu, Shu-Sheng Wang, Xiao-Wei Molecules Article In recent decades, demands for novel insecticides against mosquitoes are soaring, yet candidate chemicals with desirable properties are limited. Kathon is a broad-spectrum isothiazolinone microbicide, but other applications remain uncharacterized. First, we treated larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus, two major mosquito vectors of human viral diseases, with Kathon at 15 mg/L (a concentration considered safe in cosmetic and body care products), and at lower concentrations, and found that Kathon treatment resulted in high mortality of larvae. Second, sublethal concentration of Kathon can cause significantly prolonged larval development of C. quinquefasciatus. Third, we explored the effects of two constituents of Kathon, chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT), on the survival of larvae, and found that CMIT was the major toxic component. Further, we explored the mechanisms of action of Kathon against insect cells and found that Kathon reduces cell viability and adenosine triphosphate production but promotes the release of lactate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Our results indicate that Kathon is highly toxic to mosquito larvae, and we highlight its potential in the development of new larvicides for mosquito control. MDPI 2021-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8306661/ /pubmed/34299452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144177 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article He, Wen-Ze Pan, Li-Long Han, Wen-Hao Abd-Rabou, Shaaban Liu, Shu-Sheng Wang, Xiao-Wei Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes |
title | Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes |
title_full | Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes |
title_fullStr | Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes |
title_short | Effects of Kathon, a Chemical Used Widely as a Microbicide, on the Survival of Two Species of Mosquitoes |
title_sort | effects of kathon, a chemical used widely as a microbicide, on the survival of two species of mosquitoes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8306661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34299452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144177 |
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