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Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System?

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of cardio-metabolic risk factors that includes central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. The syndrome affects 25% of adults worldwide. The definition of MS has evolved over the last 80 years, with various classification systems and criteria, wh...

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Autores principales: Rojas, Milagros, Chávez-Castillo, Mervin, Pirela, Daniela, Parra, Heliana, Nava, Manuel, Chacín, Maricarmen, Angarita, Lissé, Añez, Roberto, Salazar, Juan, Ortiz, Rina, Durán Agüero, Samuel, Gravini-Donado, Marbel, Bermúdez, Valmore, Díaz-Camargo, Edgar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308252/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208833
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072254
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author Rojas, Milagros
Chávez-Castillo, Mervin
Pirela, Daniela
Parra, Heliana
Nava, Manuel
Chacín, Maricarmen
Angarita, Lissé
Añez, Roberto
Salazar, Juan
Ortiz, Rina
Durán Agüero, Samuel
Gravini-Donado, Marbel
Bermúdez, Valmore
Díaz-Camargo, Edgar
author_facet Rojas, Milagros
Chávez-Castillo, Mervin
Pirela, Daniela
Parra, Heliana
Nava, Manuel
Chacín, Maricarmen
Angarita, Lissé
Añez, Roberto
Salazar, Juan
Ortiz, Rina
Durán Agüero, Samuel
Gravini-Donado, Marbel
Bermúdez, Valmore
Díaz-Camargo, Edgar
author_sort Rojas, Milagros
collection PubMed
description Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of cardio-metabolic risk factors that includes central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. The syndrome affects 25% of adults worldwide. The definition of MS has evolved over the last 80 years, with various classification systems and criteria, whose limitations and benefits are currently the subject of some controversy. Likewise, hypotheses regarding the etiology of MS add more confusion from clinical and epidemiological points of view. The leading suggestion for the pathophysiology of MS is insulin resistance (IR). IR can affect multiple tissues and organs, from the classic “triumvirate” (myocyte, adipocyte, and hepatocyte) to possible effects on organs considered more recently, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be clinical expressions of CNS involvement. However, the association between MCI and MS is not understood. The bidirectional relationship that seems to exist between these factors raises the questions of which phenomenon occurs first and whether MCI can be a precursor of MS. This review explores shared pathophysiological mechanisms between MCI and MS and establishes a hypothesis of a possible MCI role in the development of IR and the appearance of MS.
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spelling pubmed-83082522021-07-25 Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System? Rojas, Milagros Chávez-Castillo, Mervin Pirela, Daniela Parra, Heliana Nava, Manuel Chacín, Maricarmen Angarita, Lissé Añez, Roberto Salazar, Juan Ortiz, Rina Durán Agüero, Samuel Gravini-Donado, Marbel Bermúdez, Valmore Díaz-Camargo, Edgar Nutrients Review Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of cardio-metabolic risk factors that includes central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. The syndrome affects 25% of adults worldwide. The definition of MS has evolved over the last 80 years, with various classification systems and criteria, whose limitations and benefits are currently the subject of some controversy. Likewise, hypotheses regarding the etiology of MS add more confusion from clinical and epidemiological points of view. The leading suggestion for the pathophysiology of MS is insulin resistance (IR). IR can affect multiple tissues and organs, from the classic “triumvirate” (myocyte, adipocyte, and hepatocyte) to possible effects on organs considered more recently, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be clinical expressions of CNS involvement. However, the association between MCI and MS is not understood. The bidirectional relationship that seems to exist between these factors raises the questions of which phenomenon occurs first and whether MCI can be a precursor of MS. This review explores shared pathophysiological mechanisms between MCI and MS and establishes a hypothesis of a possible MCI role in the development of IR and the appearance of MS. MDPI 2021-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8308252/ /pubmed/34208833 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072254 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rojas, Milagros
Chávez-Castillo, Mervin
Pirela, Daniela
Parra, Heliana
Nava, Manuel
Chacín, Maricarmen
Angarita, Lissé
Añez, Roberto
Salazar, Juan
Ortiz, Rina
Durán Agüero, Samuel
Gravini-Donado, Marbel
Bermúdez, Valmore
Díaz-Camargo, Edgar
Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System?
title Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System?
title_full Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System?
title_fullStr Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System?
title_full_unstemmed Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System?
title_short Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System?
title_sort metabolic syndrome: is it time to add the central nervous system?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308252/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208833
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072254
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