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A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development
Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been in a race to develop vaccines that can control the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 250 projects have been initiated for this purpose, but only 14 of them have been authorized for use, despite being in phase 3 clinical trials. More than 40 other vaccines a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206507 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070788 |
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author | Abdulla, Zainalabideen A. Al-Bashir, Sharaf M. Al-Salih, Noor S. Aldamen, Ala A. Abdulazeez, Mohammad Z. |
author_facet | Abdulla, Zainalabideen A. Al-Bashir, Sharaf M. Al-Salih, Noor S. Aldamen, Ala A. Abdulazeez, Mohammad Z. |
author_sort | Abdulla, Zainalabideen A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been in a race to develop vaccines that can control the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 250 projects have been initiated for this purpose, but only 14 of them have been authorized for use, despite being in phase 3 clinical trials. More than 40 other vaccines are also in phase 1/2 clinical trials and show promising outcomes. Regarding the appropriate choice of vaccines for each country or region, we reviewed the currently used vaccines in light of the different influencing parameters. These factors include the mode of action, dosage protocol, age group of the vaccinee, side effects, storage conditions, mounted immune response, and cost. Technically, there are seven types of vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2: messenger RNA (mRNA), nonreplicating and replicating vectors, inactivated viruses, protein subunits, viral-like particles, DNA vaccines, and live attenuated vaccines. The mRNA type is being used for the first time in humans. Unfortunately, mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 have started to appear worldwide, and researchers are investigating the effects of the currently used vaccines on them. There are many concerns regarding the long-term protection afforded by these vaccines and their side effects, and whether they require future modifications to be effective against the mutated variants. The development of new vaccines using more advanced technology is paramount for overcoming the difficulties in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8308489 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83084892021-07-25 A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development Abdulla, Zainalabideen A. Al-Bashir, Sharaf M. Al-Salih, Noor S. Aldamen, Ala A. Abdulazeez, Mohammad Z. Pathogens Review Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been in a race to develop vaccines that can control the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 250 projects have been initiated for this purpose, but only 14 of them have been authorized for use, despite being in phase 3 clinical trials. More than 40 other vaccines are also in phase 1/2 clinical trials and show promising outcomes. Regarding the appropriate choice of vaccines for each country or region, we reviewed the currently used vaccines in light of the different influencing parameters. These factors include the mode of action, dosage protocol, age group of the vaccinee, side effects, storage conditions, mounted immune response, and cost. Technically, there are seven types of vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2: messenger RNA (mRNA), nonreplicating and replicating vectors, inactivated viruses, protein subunits, viral-like particles, DNA vaccines, and live attenuated vaccines. The mRNA type is being used for the first time in humans. Unfortunately, mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 have started to appear worldwide, and researchers are investigating the effects of the currently used vaccines on them. There are many concerns regarding the long-term protection afforded by these vaccines and their side effects, and whether they require future modifications to be effective against the mutated variants. The development of new vaccines using more advanced technology is paramount for overcoming the difficulties in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. MDPI 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8308489/ /pubmed/34206507 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070788 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Abdulla, Zainalabideen A. Al-Bashir, Sharaf M. Al-Salih, Noor S. Aldamen, Ala A. Abdulazeez, Mohammad Z. A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
title | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
title_full | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
title_fullStr | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
title_full_unstemmed | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
title_short | A Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Technologies Available or under Development |
title_sort | summary of the sars-cov-2 vaccines and technologies available or under development |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206507 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070788 |
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