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Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is Upregulated and Soluble Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Is Downregulated in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A damaged endothelium is an underlying condition of the many complications of COVID-19 patients. The increased mortality risk associated with diseases that have underlying endothelial dysfunction, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), suggests that endothelial (e) nitric oxide synthase...

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Autores principales: Vassiliou, Alice G., Zacharis, Alexandros, Keskinidou, Chrysi, Jahaj, Edison, Pratikaki, Maria, Gallos, Parisis, Dimopoulou, Ioanna, Kotanidou, Anastasia, Orfanos, Stylianos E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308597/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34358119
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14070695
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author Vassiliou, Alice G.
Zacharis, Alexandros
Keskinidou, Chrysi
Jahaj, Edison
Pratikaki, Maria
Gallos, Parisis
Dimopoulou, Ioanna
Kotanidou, Anastasia
Orfanos, Stylianos E.
author_facet Vassiliou, Alice G.
Zacharis, Alexandros
Keskinidou, Chrysi
Jahaj, Edison
Pratikaki, Maria
Gallos, Parisis
Dimopoulou, Ioanna
Kotanidou, Anastasia
Orfanos, Stylianos E.
author_sort Vassiliou, Alice G.
collection PubMed
description A damaged endothelium is an underlying condition of the many complications of COVID-19 patients. The increased mortality risk associated with diseases that have underlying endothelial dysfunction, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), suggests that endothelial (e) nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived nitric oxide could be an important defense mechanism. Additionally, intravenous recombinant angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently reported as an effective therapy in severe COVID-19, by blocking viral entry, and thus reducing lung injury. Very few studies exist on the prognostic value of endothelium-related protective molecules in severe COVID-19 disease. To this end, serum levels of eNOS, inducible (i) NOS, adrenomedullin (ADM), soluble (s) ACE2 levels, and serum (s) ACE activity were measured on hospital admission in 89 COVID-19 patients, hospitalized either in a ward or ICU, of whom 68 had ARDS, while 21 did not. In our cohort, the COVID-19-ARDS patients had considerably lower eNOS levels compared to the COVID-19 non-ARDS patients. On the other hand, sACE2 was significantly higher in the ARDS patients. iNOS, ADM and sACE activity did not differ. Our results might support the notion of two distinct defense mechanisms in COVID-19-derived ARDS; eNOS-derived nitric oxide could be one of them, while the dramatic rise in sACE2 may also represent an endogenous mechanism involved in severe COVID-19 complications, such as ARDS. These results could provide insight to therapeutical applications in COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-83085972021-07-25 Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is Upregulated and Soluble Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Is Downregulated in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Vassiliou, Alice G. Zacharis, Alexandros Keskinidou, Chrysi Jahaj, Edison Pratikaki, Maria Gallos, Parisis Dimopoulou, Ioanna Kotanidou, Anastasia Orfanos, Stylianos E. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Article A damaged endothelium is an underlying condition of the many complications of COVID-19 patients. The increased mortality risk associated with diseases that have underlying endothelial dysfunction, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), suggests that endothelial (e) nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived nitric oxide could be an important defense mechanism. Additionally, intravenous recombinant angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently reported as an effective therapy in severe COVID-19, by blocking viral entry, and thus reducing lung injury. Very few studies exist on the prognostic value of endothelium-related protective molecules in severe COVID-19 disease. To this end, serum levels of eNOS, inducible (i) NOS, adrenomedullin (ADM), soluble (s) ACE2 levels, and serum (s) ACE activity were measured on hospital admission in 89 COVID-19 patients, hospitalized either in a ward or ICU, of whom 68 had ARDS, while 21 did not. In our cohort, the COVID-19-ARDS patients had considerably lower eNOS levels compared to the COVID-19 non-ARDS patients. On the other hand, sACE2 was significantly higher in the ARDS patients. iNOS, ADM and sACE activity did not differ. Our results might support the notion of two distinct defense mechanisms in COVID-19-derived ARDS; eNOS-derived nitric oxide could be one of them, while the dramatic rise in sACE2 may also represent an endogenous mechanism involved in severe COVID-19 complications, such as ARDS. These results could provide insight to therapeutical applications in COVID-19. MDPI 2021-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8308597/ /pubmed/34358119 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14070695 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Vassiliou, Alice G.
Zacharis, Alexandros
Keskinidou, Chrysi
Jahaj, Edison
Pratikaki, Maria
Gallos, Parisis
Dimopoulou, Ioanna
Kotanidou, Anastasia
Orfanos, Stylianos E.
Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is Upregulated and Soluble Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Is Downregulated in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
title Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is Upregulated and Soluble Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Is Downregulated in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
title_full Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is Upregulated and Soluble Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Is Downregulated in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
title_fullStr Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is Upregulated and Soluble Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Is Downregulated in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
title_full_unstemmed Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is Upregulated and Soluble Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Is Downregulated in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
title_short Soluble Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is Upregulated and Soluble Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Is Downregulated in COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
title_sort soluble angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) is upregulated and soluble endothelial nitric oxide synthase (enos) is downregulated in covid-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308597/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34358119
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14070695
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