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Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats
Cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of diarrhea in sheep and goats. Among the over 40 established species of Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidium xiaoi is one of the dominant species infecting ovine and caprine animals. The lack of subtyping tools makes it impossible to examine the transmission of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308752/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34202513 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070800 |
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author | Fan, Yingying Huang, Xitong Guo, Sheng Yang, Fang Yang, Xin Guo, Yaqiong Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua Li, Na |
author_facet | Fan, Yingying Huang, Xitong Guo, Sheng Yang, Fang Yang, Xin Guo, Yaqiong Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua Li, Na |
author_sort | Fan, Yingying |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of diarrhea in sheep and goats. Among the over 40 established species of Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidium xiaoi is one of the dominant species infecting ovine and caprine animals. The lack of subtyping tools makes it impossible to examine the transmission of this pathogen. In the present study, we identified and characterized the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene by sequencing the genome of C. xiaoi. The GP60 protein of C. xiaoi had a signal peptide, a furin cleavage site of RSRR, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and over 100 O-glycosylation sites. Based on the gp60 sequence, a subtyping tool was developed and used in characterizing C. xiaoi in 355 positive samples from sheep and goats in China. A high sequence heterogeneity was observed in the gp60 gene, with 94 sequence types in 12 subtype families, namely XXIIIa to XXIIIl. Co-infections with multiple subtypes were common in these animals, suggesting that genetic recombination might be responsible for the high diversity within C. xiaoi. This was supported by the mosaic sequence patterns among the subtype families. In addition, a potential host adaptation was identified within this species, reflected by the exclusive occurrence of XXIIIa, XXIIIc, XXIIIg, and XXIIIj in goats. This subtyping tool should be useful in studies of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of C. xiaoi. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8308752 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83087522021-07-25 Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats Fan, Yingying Huang, Xitong Guo, Sheng Yang, Fang Yang, Xin Guo, Yaqiong Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua Li, Na Pathogens Article Cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of diarrhea in sheep and goats. Among the over 40 established species of Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidium xiaoi is one of the dominant species infecting ovine and caprine animals. The lack of subtyping tools makes it impossible to examine the transmission of this pathogen. In the present study, we identified and characterized the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene by sequencing the genome of C. xiaoi. The GP60 protein of C. xiaoi had a signal peptide, a furin cleavage site of RSRR, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and over 100 O-glycosylation sites. Based on the gp60 sequence, a subtyping tool was developed and used in characterizing C. xiaoi in 355 positive samples from sheep and goats in China. A high sequence heterogeneity was observed in the gp60 gene, with 94 sequence types in 12 subtype families, namely XXIIIa to XXIIIl. Co-infections with multiple subtypes were common in these animals, suggesting that genetic recombination might be responsible for the high diversity within C. xiaoi. This was supported by the mosaic sequence patterns among the subtype families. In addition, a potential host adaptation was identified within this species, reflected by the exclusive occurrence of XXIIIa, XXIIIc, XXIIIg, and XXIIIj in goats. This subtyping tool should be useful in studies of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of C. xiaoi. MDPI 2021-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8308752/ /pubmed/34202513 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070800 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Fan, Yingying Huang, Xitong Guo, Sheng Yang, Fang Yang, Xin Guo, Yaqiong Feng, Yaoyu Xiao, Lihua Li, Na Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats |
title | Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats |
title_full | Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats |
title_fullStr | Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats |
title_full_unstemmed | Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats |
title_short | Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats |
title_sort | subtyping cryptosporidium xiaoi, a common pathogen in sheep and goats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308752/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34202513 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070800 |
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