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CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)

The synthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is involved in responses to various stresses during plant growth. It regulates the monolignol biosynthesis and catalyzes hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde reduction to the corresponding alcohols. Although the CAD gene families have been explored in som...

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Autores principales: Qi, Kaijie, Song, Xiaofei, Yuan, Yazhou, Bao, Jianping, Gong, Xin, Huang, Xiaosan, Khanizadeh, Shahrokh, Zhang, Shaoling, Tao, Shutian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34371647
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071444
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author Qi, Kaijie
Song, Xiaofei
Yuan, Yazhou
Bao, Jianping
Gong, Xin
Huang, Xiaosan
Khanizadeh, Shahrokh
Zhang, Shaoling
Tao, Shutian
author_facet Qi, Kaijie
Song, Xiaofei
Yuan, Yazhou
Bao, Jianping
Gong, Xin
Huang, Xiaosan
Khanizadeh, Shahrokh
Zhang, Shaoling
Tao, Shutian
author_sort Qi, Kaijie
collection PubMed
description The synthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is involved in responses to various stresses during plant growth. It regulates the monolignol biosynthesis and catalyzes hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde reduction to the corresponding alcohols. Although the CAD gene families have been explored in some species, little known is in Rosaceae. In this study, we identified 149 genes in Pyrus bretschneideri (PbrCAD), Malus domestica (MDPCAD), Prunus mume (PmCAD) and Fragaria vesca (mrnaCAD). They were phylogenetically clustered into six subgroups. All CAD genes contained ADH-N and ADH-zinc-N domains and were distributed on chromosomes unevenly. Dispersed and WGD/segmental duplications accounted the highest number of evolutionary events. Eight collinear gene pairs were identified among the four Rosaceae species, and the highest number was recorded in pear as five pairs. The five PbrCAD gene pairs had undergone purifying selection under Ka/Ks analysis. Furthermore, nine genes were identified based on transcriptomic and stone cell content in pear fruit. In qRT-PCR, the expression patterns of PbrCAD1, PbrCAD20, PbrCAD27, and PbrCAD31 were consistent with variation in stone cell content during pear fruit development. These results will provide valuable information for understanding the relationship between gene expressions and stone cell number in fruit.
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spelling pubmed-83093772021-07-25 CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) Qi, Kaijie Song, Xiaofei Yuan, Yazhou Bao, Jianping Gong, Xin Huang, Xiaosan Khanizadeh, Shahrokh Zhang, Shaoling Tao, Shutian Plants (Basel) Article The synthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is involved in responses to various stresses during plant growth. It regulates the monolignol biosynthesis and catalyzes hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde reduction to the corresponding alcohols. Although the CAD gene families have been explored in some species, little known is in Rosaceae. In this study, we identified 149 genes in Pyrus bretschneideri (PbrCAD), Malus domestica (MDPCAD), Prunus mume (PmCAD) and Fragaria vesca (mrnaCAD). They were phylogenetically clustered into six subgroups. All CAD genes contained ADH-N and ADH-zinc-N domains and were distributed on chromosomes unevenly. Dispersed and WGD/segmental duplications accounted the highest number of evolutionary events. Eight collinear gene pairs were identified among the four Rosaceae species, and the highest number was recorded in pear as five pairs. The five PbrCAD gene pairs had undergone purifying selection under Ka/Ks analysis. Furthermore, nine genes were identified based on transcriptomic and stone cell content in pear fruit. In qRT-PCR, the expression patterns of PbrCAD1, PbrCAD20, PbrCAD27, and PbrCAD31 were consistent with variation in stone cell content during pear fruit development. These results will provide valuable information for understanding the relationship between gene expressions and stone cell number in fruit. MDPI 2021-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8309377/ /pubmed/34371647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071444 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Qi, Kaijie
Song, Xiaofei
Yuan, Yazhou
Bao, Jianping
Gong, Xin
Huang, Xiaosan
Khanizadeh, Shahrokh
Zhang, Shaoling
Tao, Shutian
CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)
title CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)
title_full CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)
title_fullStr CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)
title_full_unstemmed CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)
title_short CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)
title_sort cad genes: genome-wide identification, evolution, and their contribution to lignin biosynthesis in pear (pyrus bretschneideri)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34371647
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071444
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