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Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics

The endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be promising biomarkers for various diseases including cancers. An olfactory sensor has a possibility for extracting a specific feature from collective variations of the related VOCs with a certain health condition. For this appr...

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Autores principales: Inada, Katsushige, Kojima, Hiroshi, Cho-Isoda, Yukiko, Tamura, Ryo, Imamura, Gaku, Minami, Kosuke, Nemoto, Takahiro, Yoshikawa, Genki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300482
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144742
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author Inada, Katsushige
Kojima, Hiroshi
Cho-Isoda, Yukiko
Tamura, Ryo
Imamura, Gaku
Minami, Kosuke
Nemoto, Takahiro
Yoshikawa, Genki
author_facet Inada, Katsushige
Kojima, Hiroshi
Cho-Isoda, Yukiko
Tamura, Ryo
Imamura, Gaku
Minami, Kosuke
Nemoto, Takahiro
Yoshikawa, Genki
author_sort Inada, Katsushige
collection PubMed
description The endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be promising biomarkers for various diseases including cancers. An olfactory sensor has a possibility for extracting a specific feature from collective variations of the related VOCs with a certain health condition. For this approach, it is important to establish a feasible protocol for sampling exhaled breath in practical conditions to provide reproducible signal features. Here we report a robust protocol for the breath analysis, focusing on total expiratory breath measured by a Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor (MSS), which possesses practical characteristics for artificial olfactory systems. To assess its reproducibility, 83 exhaled breath samples were collected from one subject throughout more than a year. It has been confirmed that the reduction of humidity effects on the sensing signals either by controlling the humidity of purging room air or by normalizing the signal intensities leads to reasonable reproducibility verified by statistical analyses. We have also demonstrated the applicability of the protocol for detecting a target material by discriminating exhaled breaths collected from different subjects with pre- and post-alcohol ingestion on different occasions. This simple yet reproducible protocol based on the total expiratory breath measured by the MSS olfactory sensors will contribute to exploring the possibilities of clinical applications of breath diagnostics.
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spelling pubmed-83095332021-07-25 Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics Inada, Katsushige Kojima, Hiroshi Cho-Isoda, Yukiko Tamura, Ryo Imamura, Gaku Minami, Kosuke Nemoto, Takahiro Yoshikawa, Genki Sensors (Basel) Article The endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be promising biomarkers for various diseases including cancers. An olfactory sensor has a possibility for extracting a specific feature from collective variations of the related VOCs with a certain health condition. For this approach, it is important to establish a feasible protocol for sampling exhaled breath in practical conditions to provide reproducible signal features. Here we report a robust protocol for the breath analysis, focusing on total expiratory breath measured by a Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor (MSS), which possesses practical characteristics for artificial olfactory systems. To assess its reproducibility, 83 exhaled breath samples were collected from one subject throughout more than a year. It has been confirmed that the reduction of humidity effects on the sensing signals either by controlling the humidity of purging room air or by normalizing the signal intensities leads to reasonable reproducibility verified by statistical analyses. We have also demonstrated the applicability of the protocol for detecting a target material by discriminating exhaled breaths collected from different subjects with pre- and post-alcohol ingestion on different occasions. This simple yet reproducible protocol based on the total expiratory breath measured by the MSS olfactory sensors will contribute to exploring the possibilities of clinical applications of breath diagnostics. MDPI 2021-07-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8309533/ /pubmed/34300482 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144742 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Inada, Katsushige
Kojima, Hiroshi
Cho-Isoda, Yukiko
Tamura, Ryo
Imamura, Gaku
Minami, Kosuke
Nemoto, Takahiro
Yoshikawa, Genki
Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics
title Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics
title_full Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics
title_fullStr Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics
title_full_unstemmed Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics
title_short Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics
title_sort statistical evaluation of total expiratory breath samples collected throughout a year: reproducibility and applicability toward olfactory sensor-based breath diagnostics
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300482
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144742
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