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Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics
The endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be promising biomarkers for various diseases including cancers. An olfactory sensor has a possibility for extracting a specific feature from collective variations of the related VOCs with a certain health condition. For this appr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309533/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300482 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144742 |
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author | Inada, Katsushige Kojima, Hiroshi Cho-Isoda, Yukiko Tamura, Ryo Imamura, Gaku Minami, Kosuke Nemoto, Takahiro Yoshikawa, Genki |
author_facet | Inada, Katsushige Kojima, Hiroshi Cho-Isoda, Yukiko Tamura, Ryo Imamura, Gaku Minami, Kosuke Nemoto, Takahiro Yoshikawa, Genki |
author_sort | Inada, Katsushige |
collection | PubMed |
description | The endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be promising biomarkers for various diseases including cancers. An olfactory sensor has a possibility for extracting a specific feature from collective variations of the related VOCs with a certain health condition. For this approach, it is important to establish a feasible protocol for sampling exhaled breath in practical conditions to provide reproducible signal features. Here we report a robust protocol for the breath analysis, focusing on total expiratory breath measured by a Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor (MSS), which possesses practical characteristics for artificial olfactory systems. To assess its reproducibility, 83 exhaled breath samples were collected from one subject throughout more than a year. It has been confirmed that the reduction of humidity effects on the sensing signals either by controlling the humidity of purging room air or by normalizing the signal intensities leads to reasonable reproducibility verified by statistical analyses. We have also demonstrated the applicability of the protocol for detecting a target material by discriminating exhaled breaths collected from different subjects with pre- and post-alcohol ingestion on different occasions. This simple yet reproducible protocol based on the total expiratory breath measured by the MSS olfactory sensors will contribute to exploring the possibilities of clinical applications of breath diagnostics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8309533 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83095332021-07-25 Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics Inada, Katsushige Kojima, Hiroshi Cho-Isoda, Yukiko Tamura, Ryo Imamura, Gaku Minami, Kosuke Nemoto, Takahiro Yoshikawa, Genki Sensors (Basel) Article The endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be promising biomarkers for various diseases including cancers. An olfactory sensor has a possibility for extracting a specific feature from collective variations of the related VOCs with a certain health condition. For this approach, it is important to establish a feasible protocol for sampling exhaled breath in practical conditions to provide reproducible signal features. Here we report a robust protocol for the breath analysis, focusing on total expiratory breath measured by a Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor (MSS), which possesses practical characteristics for artificial olfactory systems. To assess its reproducibility, 83 exhaled breath samples were collected from one subject throughout more than a year. It has been confirmed that the reduction of humidity effects on the sensing signals either by controlling the humidity of purging room air or by normalizing the signal intensities leads to reasonable reproducibility verified by statistical analyses. We have also demonstrated the applicability of the protocol for detecting a target material by discriminating exhaled breaths collected from different subjects with pre- and post-alcohol ingestion on different occasions. This simple yet reproducible protocol based on the total expiratory breath measured by the MSS olfactory sensors will contribute to exploring the possibilities of clinical applications of breath diagnostics. MDPI 2021-07-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8309533/ /pubmed/34300482 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144742 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Inada, Katsushige Kojima, Hiroshi Cho-Isoda, Yukiko Tamura, Ryo Imamura, Gaku Minami, Kosuke Nemoto, Takahiro Yoshikawa, Genki Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics |
title | Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics |
title_full | Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics |
title_fullStr | Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics |
title_full_unstemmed | Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics |
title_short | Statistical Evaluation of Total Expiratory Breath Samples Collected throughout a Year: Reproducibility and Applicability toward Olfactory Sensor-Based Breath Diagnostics |
title_sort | statistical evaluation of total expiratory breath samples collected throughout a year: reproducibility and applicability toward olfactory sensor-based breath diagnostics |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309533/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300482 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144742 |
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