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Analysis of AM Parameters on Surface Roughness Obtained in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology allows very complex parts to be obtained at a relatively low cost and in reduced manufacturing times. In the present work, the effect of main 3D printing parameters on roughness obtained in curved surfaces is addressed. Polylactic acid (PLA) he...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34301141 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142384 |
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author | Buj-Corral, Irene Sánchez-Casas, Xavier Luis-Pérez, Carmelo J. |
author_facet | Buj-Corral, Irene Sánchez-Casas, Xavier Luis-Pérez, Carmelo J. |
author_sort | Buj-Corral, Irene |
collection | PubMed |
description | Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology allows very complex parts to be obtained at a relatively low cost and in reduced manufacturing times. In the present work, the effect of main 3D printing parameters on roughness obtained in curved surfaces is addressed. Polylactic acid (PLA) hemispherical cups were printed with a shape similar to that of the acetabular part of the hip prostheses. Different experiments were performed according to a factorial design of experiments, with nozzle diameter, temperature, layer height, print speed and extrusion multiplier as variables. Different roughness parameters were measured—Ra, Rz, Rku, Rsk—both on the outer surface and on the inner surface of the parts. Arithmetical mean roughness value Ra and greatest height of the roughness profile Rz are usually employed to compare the surface finish among different manufacturing processes. However, they do not provide information about the shape of the roughness profile. For this purpose, in the present work kurtosis Rku and skewness Rsk were used. If the height distribution in a roughness profile follows a normal law, the Rku parameter will take a value of 3. If the profile distribution is symmetrical, the Rsk parameter will take a value of 0. Adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were obtained for each response. Such models are often employed to model different manufacturing processes, but their use has not yet been extended to 3D printing processes. All roughness parameters studied depended mainly on layer height, followed by nozzle diameter. In the present work, as a general trend, Rsk was close to but lower than 0, while Rku was slightly lower than 3. This corresponds to slightly higher valleys than peaks, with a rounded height distribution to some degree. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8309545 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83095452021-07-25 Analysis of AM Parameters on Surface Roughness Obtained in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology Buj-Corral, Irene Sánchez-Casas, Xavier Luis-Pérez, Carmelo J. Polymers (Basel) Article Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology allows very complex parts to be obtained at a relatively low cost and in reduced manufacturing times. In the present work, the effect of main 3D printing parameters on roughness obtained in curved surfaces is addressed. Polylactic acid (PLA) hemispherical cups were printed with a shape similar to that of the acetabular part of the hip prostheses. Different experiments were performed according to a factorial design of experiments, with nozzle diameter, temperature, layer height, print speed and extrusion multiplier as variables. Different roughness parameters were measured—Ra, Rz, Rku, Rsk—both on the outer surface and on the inner surface of the parts. Arithmetical mean roughness value Ra and greatest height of the roughness profile Rz are usually employed to compare the surface finish among different manufacturing processes. However, they do not provide information about the shape of the roughness profile. For this purpose, in the present work kurtosis Rku and skewness Rsk were used. If the height distribution in a roughness profile follows a normal law, the Rku parameter will take a value of 3. If the profile distribution is symmetrical, the Rsk parameter will take a value of 0. Adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were obtained for each response. Such models are often employed to model different manufacturing processes, but their use has not yet been extended to 3D printing processes. All roughness parameters studied depended mainly on layer height, followed by nozzle diameter. In the present work, as a general trend, Rsk was close to but lower than 0, while Rku was slightly lower than 3. This corresponds to slightly higher valleys than peaks, with a rounded height distribution to some degree. MDPI 2021-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8309545/ /pubmed/34301141 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142384 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Buj-Corral, Irene Sánchez-Casas, Xavier Luis-Pérez, Carmelo J. Analysis of AM Parameters on Surface Roughness Obtained in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology |
title | Analysis of AM Parameters on Surface Roughness Obtained in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology |
title_full | Analysis of AM Parameters on Surface Roughness Obtained in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology |
title_fullStr | Analysis of AM Parameters on Surface Roughness Obtained in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of AM Parameters on Surface Roughness Obtained in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology |
title_short | Analysis of AM Parameters on Surface Roughness Obtained in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology |
title_sort | analysis of am parameters on surface roughness obtained in pla parts printed with fff technology |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34301141 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142384 |
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