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Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas
Ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and total suspended particles (TSPs) are common airborne pollutants that cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the differences of cytotoxicity and mechanism between PM2.5 and TSP activity in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Atmosph...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309706/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34357910 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9070167 |
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author | Shim, Ilseob Kim, Woong Kim, Haewon Lim, Yeon-Mi Shin, Hyejung Park, Kwang Su Yu, Seok Min Kim, Young Hee Sung, Hwa Kyung Eom, Ig-Chun Kim, Pilje Yu, Seung-Do |
author_facet | Shim, Ilseob Kim, Woong Kim, Haewon Lim, Yeon-Mi Shin, Hyejung Park, Kwang Su Yu, Seok Min Kim, Young Hee Sung, Hwa Kyung Eom, Ig-Chun Kim, Pilje Yu, Seung-Do |
author_sort | Shim, Ilseob |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and total suspended particles (TSPs) are common airborne pollutants that cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the differences of cytotoxicity and mechanism between PM2.5 and TSP activity in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Atmospheric samples from the central district of Seoul were collected and their chemical compositions were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. PM2.5 and TSP contained high concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb). The most abundant ions in PM2.5 were SO(4)(2−), NH(4)(+), and NO(3)(−). A549 cells were exposed to PM2.5 and TSP (25–200 µg/mL) for 24 h. TSP was more cytotoxic than PM2.5 per unit mass. PM2.5 induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of a glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier, whereas low-concentration TSP increased hemeoxygenase-1 levels. PM2.5 and TSP did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase expression. The levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in PM2.5- and TSP-treated cells decreased significantly in the cytosol and increased in the nucleus. Thus, Nrf2 may be a key transcription factor for detoxifying environmental airborne particles in A549 cells. TSP and PM2.5 could activate the protective Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nrf2 pathway in A549 cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8309706 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83097062021-07-25 Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas Shim, Ilseob Kim, Woong Kim, Haewon Lim, Yeon-Mi Shin, Hyejung Park, Kwang Su Yu, Seok Min Kim, Young Hee Sung, Hwa Kyung Eom, Ig-Chun Kim, Pilje Yu, Seung-Do Toxics Article Ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and total suspended particles (TSPs) are common airborne pollutants that cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the differences of cytotoxicity and mechanism between PM2.5 and TSP activity in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Atmospheric samples from the central district of Seoul were collected and their chemical compositions were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. PM2.5 and TSP contained high concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb). The most abundant ions in PM2.5 were SO(4)(2−), NH(4)(+), and NO(3)(−). A549 cells were exposed to PM2.5 and TSP (25–200 µg/mL) for 24 h. TSP was more cytotoxic than PM2.5 per unit mass. PM2.5 induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of a glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier, whereas low-concentration TSP increased hemeoxygenase-1 levels. PM2.5 and TSP did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase expression. The levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in PM2.5- and TSP-treated cells decreased significantly in the cytosol and increased in the nucleus. Thus, Nrf2 may be a key transcription factor for detoxifying environmental airborne particles in A549 cells. TSP and PM2.5 could activate the protective Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nrf2 pathway in A549 cells. MDPI 2021-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8309706/ /pubmed/34357910 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9070167 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shim, Ilseob Kim, Woong Kim, Haewon Lim, Yeon-Mi Shin, Hyejung Park, Kwang Su Yu, Seok Min Kim, Young Hee Sung, Hwa Kyung Eom, Ig-Chun Kim, Pilje Yu, Seung-Do Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas |
title | Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas |
title_full | Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas |
title_fullStr | Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas |
title_short | Comparative Cytotoxicity Study of PM2.5 and TSP Collected from Urban Areas |
title_sort | comparative cytotoxicity study of pm2.5 and tsp collected from urban areas |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309706/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34357910 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9070167 |
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