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Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli

Several classes of non-antibiotic drugs, including psychoactive drugs, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and others, appear to have strong antimicrobial properties. We considered whether psychoactive drugs induce the SOS response in E. coli bacteria and,...

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Autores principales: Crane, John K., Salehi, Mashal, Alvarado, Cassandra L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309737/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34201801
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070437
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author Crane, John K.
Salehi, Mashal
Alvarado, Cassandra L.
author_facet Crane, John K.
Salehi, Mashal
Alvarado, Cassandra L.
author_sort Crane, John K.
collection PubMed
description Several classes of non-antibiotic drugs, including psychoactive drugs, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and others, appear to have strong antimicrobial properties. We considered whether psychoactive drugs induce the SOS response in E. coli bacteria and, consequently, induce Shiga toxins in Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC). We measured the induction of an SOS response using a recA-lacZ E. coli reporter strain, as RecA is an early, reliable, and quantifiable marker for activation of the SOS stress response pathway. We also measured the production and release of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) from a classic E. coli O157:H7 strain, derived from a food-borne outbreak due to spinach. Some, but not all, serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and antipsychotic drugs induced an SOS response. The use of SSRIs is widespread and increasing; thus, the use of these antidepressants could account for some cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome due to STEC and is not attributable to antibiotic administration. SSRIs could have detrimental effects on the normal intestinal microbiome in humans. In addition, as SSRIs are resistant to environmental breakdown, they could have effects on microbial communities, including aquatic ecosystems, long after they have left the human body.
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spelling pubmed-83097372021-07-25 Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli Crane, John K. Salehi, Mashal Alvarado, Cassandra L. Toxins (Basel) Article Several classes of non-antibiotic drugs, including psychoactive drugs, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and others, appear to have strong antimicrobial properties. We considered whether psychoactive drugs induce the SOS response in E. coli bacteria and, consequently, induce Shiga toxins in Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC). We measured the induction of an SOS response using a recA-lacZ E. coli reporter strain, as RecA is an early, reliable, and quantifiable marker for activation of the SOS stress response pathway. We also measured the production and release of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) from a classic E. coli O157:H7 strain, derived from a food-borne outbreak due to spinach. Some, but not all, serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and antipsychotic drugs induced an SOS response. The use of SSRIs is widespread and increasing; thus, the use of these antidepressants could account for some cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome due to STEC and is not attributable to antibiotic administration. SSRIs could have detrimental effects on the normal intestinal microbiome in humans. In addition, as SSRIs are resistant to environmental breakdown, they could have effects on microbial communities, including aquatic ecosystems, long after they have left the human body. MDPI 2021-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8309737/ /pubmed/34201801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070437 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Crane, John K.
Salehi, Mashal
Alvarado, Cassandra L.
Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli
title Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli
title_full Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli
title_fullStr Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli
title_full_unstemmed Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli
title_short Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli
title_sort psychoactive drugs induce the sos response and shiga toxin production in escherichia coli
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309737/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34201801
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070437
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