Cargando…
Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli
Several classes of non-antibiotic drugs, including psychoactive drugs, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and others, appear to have strong antimicrobial properties. We considered whether psychoactive drugs induce the SOS response in E. coli bacteria and,...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309737/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34201801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070437 |
_version_ | 1783728591449620480 |
---|---|
author | Crane, John K. Salehi, Mashal Alvarado, Cassandra L. |
author_facet | Crane, John K. Salehi, Mashal Alvarado, Cassandra L. |
author_sort | Crane, John K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Several classes of non-antibiotic drugs, including psychoactive drugs, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and others, appear to have strong antimicrobial properties. We considered whether psychoactive drugs induce the SOS response in E. coli bacteria and, consequently, induce Shiga toxins in Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC). We measured the induction of an SOS response using a recA-lacZ E. coli reporter strain, as RecA is an early, reliable, and quantifiable marker for activation of the SOS stress response pathway. We also measured the production and release of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) from a classic E. coli O157:H7 strain, derived from a food-borne outbreak due to spinach. Some, but not all, serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and antipsychotic drugs induced an SOS response. The use of SSRIs is widespread and increasing; thus, the use of these antidepressants could account for some cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome due to STEC and is not attributable to antibiotic administration. SSRIs could have detrimental effects on the normal intestinal microbiome in humans. In addition, as SSRIs are resistant to environmental breakdown, they could have effects on microbial communities, including aquatic ecosystems, long after they have left the human body. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8309737 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83097372021-07-25 Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli Crane, John K. Salehi, Mashal Alvarado, Cassandra L. Toxins (Basel) Article Several classes of non-antibiotic drugs, including psychoactive drugs, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and others, appear to have strong antimicrobial properties. We considered whether psychoactive drugs induce the SOS response in E. coli bacteria and, consequently, induce Shiga toxins in Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC). We measured the induction of an SOS response using a recA-lacZ E. coli reporter strain, as RecA is an early, reliable, and quantifiable marker for activation of the SOS stress response pathway. We also measured the production and release of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) from a classic E. coli O157:H7 strain, derived from a food-borne outbreak due to spinach. Some, but not all, serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and antipsychotic drugs induced an SOS response. The use of SSRIs is widespread and increasing; thus, the use of these antidepressants could account for some cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome due to STEC and is not attributable to antibiotic administration. SSRIs could have detrimental effects on the normal intestinal microbiome in humans. In addition, as SSRIs are resistant to environmental breakdown, they could have effects on microbial communities, including aquatic ecosystems, long after they have left the human body. MDPI 2021-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8309737/ /pubmed/34201801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070437 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Crane, John K. Salehi, Mashal Alvarado, Cassandra L. Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli |
title | Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli |
title_full | Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli |
title_fullStr | Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli |
title_full_unstemmed | Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli |
title_short | Psychoactive Drugs Induce the SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Production in Escherichia coli |
title_sort | psychoactive drugs induce the sos response and shiga toxin production in escherichia coli |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309737/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34201801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070437 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cranejohnk psychoactivedrugsinducethesosresponseandshigatoxinproductioninescherichiacoli AT salehimashal psychoactivedrugsinducethesosresponseandshigatoxinproductioninescherichiacoli AT alvaradocassandral psychoactivedrugsinducethesosresponseandshigatoxinproductioninescherichiacoli |