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Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure q...

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Autores principales: Kishida, Kinzo, Guzik, Artur, Nishiguchi, Ken’ichi, Li, Che-Hsien, Azuma, Daiji, Liu, Qingwen, He, Zuyuan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309827/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300605
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144865
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author Kishida, Kinzo
Guzik, Artur
Nishiguchi, Ken’ichi
Li, Che-Hsien
Azuma, Daiji
Liu, Qingwen
He, Zuyuan
author_facet Kishida, Kinzo
Guzik, Artur
Nishiguchi, Ken’ichi
Li, Che-Hsien
Azuma, Daiji
Liu, Qingwen
He, Zuyuan
author_sort Kishida, Kinzo
collection PubMed
description Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure quasi-static physical quantities, such as intensity spectrum of the scattered light. DAS is attracting considerable attention as it complements the conventional distributed measurements. To implement DAS in commercial applications, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently high signal-noise ratio (SNR) for scattered light detection, suppress its deterioration along the sensing fiber, achieve lower noise floor for weak signals and, moreover, perform high-speed processing within milliseconds (or sometimes even less). In this paper, we present a new, real-time DAS, realized by using the time gated digital-optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR) method, in which the chirp pulse is divided into overlapping bands and assembled after digital decoding. The developed prototype NBX-S4000 generates a chirp signal with a pulse duration of 2 μs and uses a frequency sweep of 100 MHz at a repeating frequency of up to 5 kHz. It allows one to detect sound waves at an 80 km fiber distance range with spatial resolution better than a theoretically calculated value of 2.8 m in real time. The developed prototype was tested in the field in various applications, from earthquake detection and submarine cable sensing to oil and gas industry applications. All obtained results confirmed effectiveness of the method and performance, surpassing, in conventional SM fiber, other commercially available interrogators.
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spelling pubmed-83098272021-07-25 Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification Kishida, Kinzo Guzik, Artur Nishiguchi, Ken’ichi Li, Che-Hsien Azuma, Daiji Liu, Qingwen He, Zuyuan Sensors (Basel) Article Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure quasi-static physical quantities, such as intensity spectrum of the scattered light. DAS is attracting considerable attention as it complements the conventional distributed measurements. To implement DAS in commercial applications, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently high signal-noise ratio (SNR) for scattered light detection, suppress its deterioration along the sensing fiber, achieve lower noise floor for weak signals and, moreover, perform high-speed processing within milliseconds (or sometimes even less). In this paper, we present a new, real-time DAS, realized by using the time gated digital-optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR) method, in which the chirp pulse is divided into overlapping bands and assembled after digital decoding. The developed prototype NBX-S4000 generates a chirp signal with a pulse duration of 2 μs and uses a frequency sweep of 100 MHz at a repeating frequency of up to 5 kHz. It allows one to detect sound waves at an 80 km fiber distance range with spatial resolution better than a theoretically calculated value of 2.8 m in real time. The developed prototype was tested in the field in various applications, from earthquake detection and submarine cable sensing to oil and gas industry applications. All obtained results confirmed effectiveness of the method and performance, surpassing, in conventional SM fiber, other commercially available interrogators. MDPI 2021-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8309827/ /pubmed/34300605 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144865 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kishida, Kinzo
Guzik, Artur
Nishiguchi, Ken’ichi
Li, Che-Hsien
Azuma, Daiji
Liu, Qingwen
He, Zuyuan
Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification
title Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification
title_full Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification
title_fullStr Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification
title_full_unstemmed Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification
title_short Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification
title_sort development of real-time time gated digital (tgd) ofdr method and its performance verification
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8309827/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34300605
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144865
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