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Sequence and Gene Expression Analysis of Recently Identified NLP from Plasmopara viticola
Grapevine downy mildew, evoked by the obligate biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most challenging diseases in viticulture. P. viticola establishes an infection by circumvention of plant immunity, which is achieved by the secretion of effector molecules. One family of potential e...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8311650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361889 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071453 |
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author | Askani, Lars Schumacher, Stefan Fuchs, René |
author_facet | Askani, Lars Schumacher, Stefan Fuchs, René |
author_sort | Askani, Lars |
collection | PubMed |
description | Grapevine downy mildew, evoked by the obligate biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most challenging diseases in viticulture. P. viticola establishes an infection by circumvention of plant immunity, which is achieved by the secretion of effector molecules. One family of potential effectors are the necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLP). NLP are most abundant in plant pathogenic microorganisms and exist in cytotoxic and non-cyctotoxic forms. Cytotoxic NLP often act as virulence factors and are synthesized in necrotrophic or hemibiotrophic pathogens during the transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic growth. In addition to these cytotoxic NLP, many non-cytotoxic NLP have been identified; their function in biotrophic pathogens is still unknown. In 2020, eight different NLP coding genes were identified in P. viticola and named PvNLP1 to PvNLP8 (Plasmopara viticola NLP 1–8). In the present study, PvNLP4 to PvNLP8 were characterized by using qPCR analysis and transient expression in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Gene expression analysis showed high PvNLP expression during the early stages of infection. Necrosis-inducing activity of PvNLP was not observed in the nonhost N. benthamiana. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8311650 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83116502021-07-27 Sequence and Gene Expression Analysis of Recently Identified NLP from Plasmopara viticola Askani, Lars Schumacher, Stefan Fuchs, René Microorganisms Communication Grapevine downy mildew, evoked by the obligate biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most challenging diseases in viticulture. P. viticola establishes an infection by circumvention of plant immunity, which is achieved by the secretion of effector molecules. One family of potential effectors are the necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLP). NLP are most abundant in plant pathogenic microorganisms and exist in cytotoxic and non-cyctotoxic forms. Cytotoxic NLP often act as virulence factors and are synthesized in necrotrophic or hemibiotrophic pathogens during the transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic growth. In addition to these cytotoxic NLP, many non-cytotoxic NLP have been identified; their function in biotrophic pathogens is still unknown. In 2020, eight different NLP coding genes were identified in P. viticola and named PvNLP1 to PvNLP8 (Plasmopara viticola NLP 1–8). In the present study, PvNLP4 to PvNLP8 were characterized by using qPCR analysis and transient expression in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Gene expression analysis showed high PvNLP expression during the early stages of infection. Necrosis-inducing activity of PvNLP was not observed in the nonhost N. benthamiana. MDPI 2021-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8311650/ /pubmed/34361889 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071453 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Askani, Lars Schumacher, Stefan Fuchs, René Sequence and Gene Expression Analysis of Recently Identified NLP from Plasmopara viticola |
title | Sequence and Gene Expression Analysis of Recently Identified NLP from Plasmopara viticola |
title_full | Sequence and Gene Expression Analysis of Recently Identified NLP from Plasmopara viticola |
title_fullStr | Sequence and Gene Expression Analysis of Recently Identified NLP from Plasmopara viticola |
title_full_unstemmed | Sequence and Gene Expression Analysis of Recently Identified NLP from Plasmopara viticola |
title_short | Sequence and Gene Expression Analysis of Recently Identified NLP from Plasmopara viticola |
title_sort | sequence and gene expression analysis of recently identified nlp from plasmopara viticola |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8311650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361889 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071453 |
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