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Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice
Saxitoxin (STX), as a type of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), is gaining widespread attention due to its long existence in edible shellfish. However, the mechanism underlying STX chronic exposure-induced effect is not well understood. Here, we evaluated the neurotoxicity effects of long-term lo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Impact Journals
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8312470/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34197336 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.203199 |
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author | Sun, Qian Chen, Xiao Liu, Wei Li, Shenpan Zhou, Yan Yang, Xingfen Liu, Jianjun |
author_facet | Sun, Qian Chen, Xiao Liu, Wei Li, Shenpan Zhou, Yan Yang, Xingfen Liu, Jianjun |
author_sort | Sun, Qian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Saxitoxin (STX), as a type of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), is gaining widespread attention due to its long existence in edible shellfish. However, the mechanism underlying STX chronic exposure-induced effect is not well understood. Here, we evaluated the neurotoxicity effects of long-term low-dose STX exposure on C57/BL mice by behavioral tests, pathology analysis, and hippocampal proteomics analysis. Several behavioral tests showed that mice were in a cognitive deficiency after treated with 0, 0.5, 1.5, or 4.5 μg STX equivalents/kg body weight in the drinking water for 3 months. Compared with control mice, STX-exposed mice exhibited brain neuronal damage characterized by decreasing neuronal cells and thinner pyramidal cell layers in the hippocampal CA1 region. A total of 29 proteins were significantly altered in different STX dose groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that protein phosphatase 1 (Ppp1c) and arylsulfatase A (Arsa) were involved in the hippo signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism pathway. The decreased expression of Arsa indicates that long-term low doses of STX exposure can cause neuronal inhibition, which is a process related to spatial memory impairment. Taken together, our study provides a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms of STX neurotoxicity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8312470 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Impact Journals |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83124702021-07-27 Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice Sun, Qian Chen, Xiao Liu, Wei Li, Shenpan Zhou, Yan Yang, Xingfen Liu, Jianjun Aging (Albany NY) Research Paper Saxitoxin (STX), as a type of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), is gaining widespread attention due to its long existence in edible shellfish. However, the mechanism underlying STX chronic exposure-induced effect is not well understood. Here, we evaluated the neurotoxicity effects of long-term low-dose STX exposure on C57/BL mice by behavioral tests, pathology analysis, and hippocampal proteomics analysis. Several behavioral tests showed that mice were in a cognitive deficiency after treated with 0, 0.5, 1.5, or 4.5 μg STX equivalents/kg body weight in the drinking water for 3 months. Compared with control mice, STX-exposed mice exhibited brain neuronal damage characterized by decreasing neuronal cells and thinner pyramidal cell layers in the hippocampal CA1 region. A total of 29 proteins were significantly altered in different STX dose groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that protein phosphatase 1 (Ppp1c) and arylsulfatase A (Arsa) were involved in the hippo signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism pathway. The decreased expression of Arsa indicates that long-term low doses of STX exposure can cause neuronal inhibition, which is a process related to spatial memory impairment. Taken together, our study provides a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms of STX neurotoxicity. Impact Journals 2021-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8312470/ /pubmed/34197336 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.203199 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Sun et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Sun, Qian Chen, Xiao Liu, Wei Li, Shenpan Zhou, Yan Yang, Xingfen Liu, Jianjun Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice |
title | Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice |
title_full | Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice |
title_fullStr | Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice |
title_short | Effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice |
title_sort | effects of long-term low dose saxitoxin exposure on nerve damage in mice |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8312470/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34197336 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.203199 |
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