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QS9: Determining the Critical Time of Chronic Schwann Cell Denervation on Functional Recovery and Rna Expression

PURPOSE: There is poor functional recovery following delayed peripheral nerve repair since both muscle and Schwann cells (SC) undergo denervation atrophy. We investigated the specific temporal effect of nerve/SC denervation on recovery as well as changes in RNA expression in the nerves that may eluc...

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Autores principales: Wong, Alison L., Harris, Thomas, Glass, Connor, von Guionneau, Nicholas Nicholas, Lee, Erica, Hricz, Nicholas, Malapati, Harsha, Mi, Ruifa, Swarup, Vivek, Kawaguchi, Riki, Hoke, Ahmet, Tuffaha, Sami
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8312848/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.GOX.0000770036.06431.5c
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author Wong, Alison L.
Harris, Thomas
Glass, Connor
von Guionneau, Nicholas Nicholas
Lee, Erica
Hricz, Nicholas
Malapati, Harsha
Mi, Ruifa
Swarup, Vivek
Kawaguchi, Riki
Hoke, Ahmet
Tuffaha, Sami
author_facet Wong, Alison L.
Harris, Thomas
Glass, Connor
von Guionneau, Nicholas Nicholas
Lee, Erica
Hricz, Nicholas
Malapati, Harsha
Mi, Ruifa
Swarup, Vivek
Kawaguchi, Riki
Hoke, Ahmet
Tuffaha, Sami
author_sort Wong, Alison L.
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: There is poor functional recovery following delayed peripheral nerve repair since both muscle and Schwann cells (SC) undergo denervation atrophy. We investigated the specific temporal effect of nerve/SC denervation on recovery as well as changes in RNA expression in the nerves that may elucidate changes in recovery potential. We hypothesized that functional recovery would be worse after prolonged nerve/SC denervation and that the expression profiles would differ. METHODS: Our study was conducted using a forelimb model in adult Lewis rats. Each animal underwent unilateral forelimb denervation of 8, 12, 16, or 24 weeks duration. In the functional recovery arm of the study, the ulnar nerve was denervated proximally or a sham surgery was performed. After the denervation period had elapsed, an in situ nerve transfer of median to ulnar to median nerve was performed. Functional recovery was then measured by stimulated grip strength weekly for 12 weeks. In the RNA expression arm, median and ulnar nerves were denervated. The same time points were used with the addition of a 1-week denervation group. After the denervation period, the median and ulnar nerves were harvested bilaterally. To create a comprehensive RNA-Seq dataset, the median nerve, with an average length of 3 cm, was homogenized and RNA was purified. RNA-sequencing was carried out using TrueSeq RiboZero gold kit. Samples were analyzed through FastQC, aligned to reference genome using STAR and quantified as transcripts per million (TPM) using Salmon. Principle component analysis was performed, followed by differential gene analysis using a linear mixed effects model to control for the control nerves being from the same animals. RESULTS: Functional recovery was statistically significantly different depending on the duration of nerve/SC denervation (P<0.01). Post-hoc tests were non-significant between the positive control and denervation periods of 8 (P=1.00) or 12 weeks (P=0.85). In contrast, when the ulnar nerve had been denervated for 16 or 24 weeks, final grip strength was significantly reduced compared to no denervation, 8, and 12 weeks of denervation (P<0.01). RNA sequence analysis showed significant differences in up- and downregulated genes depending on denervation status and duration of denervation. At a false-discovery rate >0.05, we identified 1624 genes differentially expressed, of which 327 genes were upregulated and rest (1297 genes) downregulated with denervation. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged nerve/SC denervation of more than 12 weeks resulted in significantly worse functional recovery. RNA sequencing demonstrated that not only were there many genes differentially expressed, but these appear to vary with duration of denervation as well. Further investigation into the specific genes and their changes over time will allow us to know why recovery potential is decreased and targets for interventions to improve recovery.
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spelling pubmed-83128482021-07-27 QS9: Determining the Critical Time of Chronic Schwann Cell Denervation on Functional Recovery and Rna Expression Wong, Alison L. Harris, Thomas Glass, Connor von Guionneau, Nicholas Nicholas Lee, Erica Hricz, Nicholas Malapati, Harsha Mi, Ruifa Swarup, Vivek Kawaguchi, Riki Hoke, Ahmet Tuffaha, Sami Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open PSRC 2021 Abstract Supplement PURPOSE: There is poor functional recovery following delayed peripheral nerve repair since both muscle and Schwann cells (SC) undergo denervation atrophy. We investigated the specific temporal effect of nerve/SC denervation on recovery as well as changes in RNA expression in the nerves that may elucidate changes in recovery potential. We hypothesized that functional recovery would be worse after prolonged nerve/SC denervation and that the expression profiles would differ. METHODS: Our study was conducted using a forelimb model in adult Lewis rats. Each animal underwent unilateral forelimb denervation of 8, 12, 16, or 24 weeks duration. In the functional recovery arm of the study, the ulnar nerve was denervated proximally or a sham surgery was performed. After the denervation period had elapsed, an in situ nerve transfer of median to ulnar to median nerve was performed. Functional recovery was then measured by stimulated grip strength weekly for 12 weeks. In the RNA expression arm, median and ulnar nerves were denervated. The same time points were used with the addition of a 1-week denervation group. After the denervation period, the median and ulnar nerves were harvested bilaterally. To create a comprehensive RNA-Seq dataset, the median nerve, with an average length of 3 cm, was homogenized and RNA was purified. RNA-sequencing was carried out using TrueSeq RiboZero gold kit. Samples were analyzed through FastQC, aligned to reference genome using STAR and quantified as transcripts per million (TPM) using Salmon. Principle component analysis was performed, followed by differential gene analysis using a linear mixed effects model to control for the control nerves being from the same animals. RESULTS: Functional recovery was statistically significantly different depending on the duration of nerve/SC denervation (P<0.01). Post-hoc tests were non-significant between the positive control and denervation periods of 8 (P=1.00) or 12 weeks (P=0.85). In contrast, when the ulnar nerve had been denervated for 16 or 24 weeks, final grip strength was significantly reduced compared to no denervation, 8, and 12 weeks of denervation (P<0.01). RNA sequence analysis showed significant differences in up- and downregulated genes depending on denervation status and duration of denervation. At a false-discovery rate >0.05, we identified 1624 genes differentially expressed, of which 327 genes were upregulated and rest (1297 genes) downregulated with denervation. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged nerve/SC denervation of more than 12 weeks resulted in significantly worse functional recovery. RNA sequencing demonstrated that not only were there many genes differentially expressed, but these appear to vary with duration of denervation as well. Further investigation into the specific genes and their changes over time will allow us to know why recovery potential is decreased and targets for interventions to improve recovery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2021-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8312848/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.GOX.0000770036.06431.5c Text en Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
spellingShingle PSRC 2021 Abstract Supplement
Wong, Alison L.
Harris, Thomas
Glass, Connor
von Guionneau, Nicholas Nicholas
Lee, Erica
Hricz, Nicholas
Malapati, Harsha
Mi, Ruifa
Swarup, Vivek
Kawaguchi, Riki
Hoke, Ahmet
Tuffaha, Sami
QS9: Determining the Critical Time of Chronic Schwann Cell Denervation on Functional Recovery and Rna Expression
title QS9: Determining the Critical Time of Chronic Schwann Cell Denervation on Functional Recovery and Rna Expression
title_full QS9: Determining the Critical Time of Chronic Schwann Cell Denervation on Functional Recovery and Rna Expression
title_fullStr QS9: Determining the Critical Time of Chronic Schwann Cell Denervation on Functional Recovery and Rna Expression
title_full_unstemmed QS9: Determining the Critical Time of Chronic Schwann Cell Denervation on Functional Recovery and Rna Expression
title_short QS9: Determining the Critical Time of Chronic Schwann Cell Denervation on Functional Recovery and Rna Expression
title_sort qs9: determining the critical time of chronic schwann cell denervation on functional recovery and rna expression
topic PSRC 2021 Abstract Supplement
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8312848/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.GOX.0000770036.06431.5c
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