Development of a novel atrophic non-union model in rabbits: A preliminary study

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The currently available atrophic non-union models rely on wide segmental excision of bone diaphysis to impede the process of healing but lack resemblance to the clinical scenario. The present study focused on developing an in vivo model of atrophic non-union fracture in rabbit radius that can replicate the clinical scenario. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The atrophic non-union fracture model was developed by creating a 10 mm segmental bone defect in the radial diaphysis of five adult New Zealand White rabbits. The periosteum (2 mm) of the cut bone ends was cauterized using electrocautery to induce atrophy. Atrophic non-union was confirmed using radiographic and histologic evaluations on 30th postoperative day. RESULTS: The radiographic signs of healing were completely absent in all the rabbits on 30th postoperative day, indicating inert bone ends. Histological findings further confirmed the presence of inert bone ends, indicating the development of atrophic non-union. CONCLUSION: The combination of the segmental bone defect, electrocautery induced thermal damage of bone end periosteum, and delayed treatment can induce the development of atrophic non-union fracture model in rabbits that can replicate the clinical scenario.