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Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids
BACKGROUND: The main strategy to contain the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains to implement a comprehensive testing, tracing and quarantining strategy until vaccination of the population is adequate. Scent dogs could support current testing strategies. METHODS: Ten dogs were trained for 8 days to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34315418 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06411-1 |
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author | Jendrny, Paula Twele, Friederike Meller, Sebastian Schulz, Claudia von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Eras Ebbers, Hans Ebbers, Janek Pilchová, Veronika Pink, Isabell Welte, Tobias Manns, Michael Peter Fathi, Anahita Addo, Marylyn Martina Ernst, Christiane Schäfer, Wencke Engels, Michael Petrov, Anja Marquart, Katharina Schotte, Ulrich Schalke, Esther Volk, Holger Andreas |
author_facet | Jendrny, Paula Twele, Friederike Meller, Sebastian Schulz, Claudia von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Eras Ebbers, Hans Ebbers, Janek Pilchová, Veronika Pink, Isabell Welte, Tobias Manns, Michael Peter Fathi, Anahita Addo, Marylyn Martina Ernst, Christiane Schäfer, Wencke Engels, Michael Petrov, Anja Marquart, Katharina Schotte, Ulrich Schalke, Esther Volk, Holger Andreas |
author_sort | Jendrny, Paula |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The main strategy to contain the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains to implement a comprehensive testing, tracing and quarantining strategy until vaccination of the population is adequate. Scent dogs could support current testing strategies. METHODS: Ten dogs were trained for 8 days to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in beta-propiolactone inactivated saliva samples. The subsequent cognitive transfer performance for the recognition of non-inactivated samples were tested on three different body fluids (saliva, urine, and sweat) in a randomised, double-blind controlled study. RESULTS: Dogs were tested on a total of 5242 randomised sample presentations. Dogs detected non-inactivated saliva samples with a diagnostic sensitivity of 84% (95% CI: 62.5–94.44%) and specificity of 95% (95% CI: 93.4–96%). In a subsequent experiment to compare the scent recognition between the three non-inactivated body fluids, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 95% (95% CI: 66.67–100%) and 98% (95% CI: 94.87–100%) for urine, 91% (95% CI: 71.43–100%) and 94% (95% CI: 90.91–97.78%) for sweat, 82% (95% CI: 64.29–95.24%), and 96% (95% CI: 94.95–98.9%) for saliva respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The scent cognitive transfer performance between inactivated and non-inactivated samples as well as between different sample materials indicates that global, specific SARS-CoV-2-associated volatile compounds are released across different body secretions, independently from the patient’s symptoms. All tested body fluids appear to be similarly suited for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06411-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8313882 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83138822021-07-27 Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids Jendrny, Paula Twele, Friederike Meller, Sebastian Schulz, Claudia von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Eras Ebbers, Hans Ebbers, Janek Pilchová, Veronika Pink, Isabell Welte, Tobias Manns, Michael Peter Fathi, Anahita Addo, Marylyn Martina Ernst, Christiane Schäfer, Wencke Engels, Michael Petrov, Anja Marquart, Katharina Schotte, Ulrich Schalke, Esther Volk, Holger Andreas BMC Infect Dis Research BACKGROUND: The main strategy to contain the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains to implement a comprehensive testing, tracing and quarantining strategy until vaccination of the population is adequate. Scent dogs could support current testing strategies. METHODS: Ten dogs were trained for 8 days to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in beta-propiolactone inactivated saliva samples. The subsequent cognitive transfer performance for the recognition of non-inactivated samples were tested on three different body fluids (saliva, urine, and sweat) in a randomised, double-blind controlled study. RESULTS: Dogs were tested on a total of 5242 randomised sample presentations. Dogs detected non-inactivated saliva samples with a diagnostic sensitivity of 84% (95% CI: 62.5–94.44%) and specificity of 95% (95% CI: 93.4–96%). In a subsequent experiment to compare the scent recognition between the three non-inactivated body fluids, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 95% (95% CI: 66.67–100%) and 98% (95% CI: 94.87–100%) for urine, 91% (95% CI: 71.43–100%) and 94% (95% CI: 90.91–97.78%) for sweat, 82% (95% CI: 64.29–95.24%), and 96% (95% CI: 94.95–98.9%) for saliva respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The scent cognitive transfer performance between inactivated and non-inactivated samples as well as between different sample materials indicates that global, specific SARS-CoV-2-associated volatile compounds are released across different body secretions, independently from the patient’s symptoms. All tested body fluids appear to be similarly suited for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06411-1. BioMed Central 2021-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8313882/ /pubmed/34315418 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06411-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Jendrny, Paula Twele, Friederike Meller, Sebastian Schulz, Claudia von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Eras Ebbers, Hans Ebbers, Janek Pilchová, Veronika Pink, Isabell Welte, Tobias Manns, Michael Peter Fathi, Anahita Addo, Marylyn Martina Ernst, Christiane Schäfer, Wencke Engels, Michael Petrov, Anja Marquart, Katharina Schotte, Ulrich Schalke, Esther Volk, Holger Andreas Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids |
title | Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids |
title_full | Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids |
title_fullStr | Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids |
title_full_unstemmed | Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids |
title_short | Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different body fluids |
title_sort | scent dog identification of sars-cov-2 infections in different body fluids |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313882/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34315418 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06411-1 |
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