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Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors
This study explores Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence (IEI) with the objectives of: (1) analyzing possible differences due to sex and age, and the request for psychological assistance for behavioral and emotional problems; (2) finding evidence of personality traits, social behaviors, and parental...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34542518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10030064 |
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author | Garaigordobil, Maite |
author_facet | Garaigordobil, Maite |
author_sort | Garaigordobil, Maite |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study explores Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence (IEI) with the objectives of: (1) analyzing possible differences due to sex and age, and the request for psychological assistance for behavioral and emotional problems; (2) finding evidence of personality traits, social behaviors, and parental socialization styles that are characteristic of adolescents with low IEI; and (3) identifying variables that predict high IEI. The sample comprised 2283 participants aged 12–17 years from the Basque Country (northern Spain). Results: (1) Females had greater emotional attention capacity but there were no sex differences in emotional comprehension and emotion regulation; (2) adolescents aged 12–14 showed higher scores in comprehension and emotion regulation than those aged 15–17; (3) adolescents who consulted a psychologist for problems (anxiety, depression, violence, etc.) had lower emotion regulation; (4) adolescents with low IEI had less empathy, self-esteem, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and responsibility, and lower use of cooperative and passive conflict-resolution strategies, and their parents had a low level of acceptance-affection towards their children. They also engaged in more bullying/cyberbullying and antisocial behaviors. (5) High IEI predictor variables were: using cooperative conflict-resolution strategies; traits such as extroversion, responsibility, openness, and empathy; and a high level of maternal acceptance-affection. The work identifies relevant variables for designing intervention programs and shows the importance of promoting IEI and interpersonal emotional intelligence as a factor in the development and prevention of bullying/cyberbullying. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8314288 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83142882021-09-15 Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors Garaigordobil, Maite Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ Article This study explores Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence (IEI) with the objectives of: (1) analyzing possible differences due to sex and age, and the request for psychological assistance for behavioral and emotional problems; (2) finding evidence of personality traits, social behaviors, and parental socialization styles that are characteristic of adolescents with low IEI; and (3) identifying variables that predict high IEI. The sample comprised 2283 participants aged 12–17 years from the Basque Country (northern Spain). Results: (1) Females had greater emotional attention capacity but there were no sex differences in emotional comprehension and emotion regulation; (2) adolescents aged 12–14 showed higher scores in comprehension and emotion regulation than those aged 15–17; (3) adolescents who consulted a psychologist for problems (anxiety, depression, violence, etc.) had lower emotion regulation; (4) adolescents with low IEI had less empathy, self-esteem, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and responsibility, and lower use of cooperative and passive conflict-resolution strategies, and their parents had a low level of acceptance-affection towards their children. They also engaged in more bullying/cyberbullying and antisocial behaviors. (5) High IEI predictor variables were: using cooperative conflict-resolution strategies; traits such as extroversion, responsibility, openness, and empathy; and a high level of maternal acceptance-affection. The work identifies relevant variables for designing intervention programs and shows the importance of promoting IEI and interpersonal emotional intelligence as a factor in the development and prevention of bullying/cyberbullying. MDPI 2020-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8314288/ /pubmed/34542518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10030064 Text en © 2020 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article Garaigordobil, Maite Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors |
title | Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors |
title_full | Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors |
title_fullStr | Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors |
title_full_unstemmed | Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors |
title_short | Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors |
title_sort | intrapersonal emotional intelligence during adolescence: sex differences, connection with other variables, and predictors |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34542518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10030064 |
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