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Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015
OBJECTIVE: Iron and/or iodine deficiencies can have multiple serious adverse health outcomes, but examination of incidence rates of these deficiencies has rarely been conducted in any large population. This study examined incidence rates, temporal trends and demographic factors associated with medic...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cambridge University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33541462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021000495 |
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author | Knapik, Joseph J Farina, Emily K Fulgoni, Victor L Lieberman, Harris R |
author_facet | Knapik, Joseph J Farina, Emily K Fulgoni, Victor L Lieberman, Harris R |
author_sort | Knapik, Joseph J |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Iron and/or iodine deficiencies can have multiple serious adverse health outcomes, but examination of incidence rates of these deficiencies has rarely been conducted in any large population. This study examined incidence rates, temporal trends and demographic factors associated with medically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies/disorders in US military service members (SM). DESIGN: The Defense Medical Epidemiological Database (DMED) was queried for medical visits of active duty SM to obtain specific International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, codes involving clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies/disorders. SETTING: Analysis of existing database (DMED). PARTICIPANTS: Entire population of US military SM from 1997 to 2015 (average n per year = 1 382 266, 15 % women). RESULTS: Overall incidence rates for iron and iodine were 104 and 36 cases/100 000 person-years, respectively. Over the 19-year period, rates for iron disorders increased steadily (108 % for men, 177 % for women). Rates for iodine disorders also increased steadily for men (91 %), but, for women, there was an initial rise followed by a later decline. Overall, women’s rates were 12 and 10 times higher than men’s for iron and iodine, respectively. Compared with whites, blacks and those of other races had higher rates of deficiencies of both minerals. Incidence rates for iodine deficiency increased substantially with age. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiency among SM was low, but increased over the 19 years examined, and certain demographic groups were at significantly greater risk. Given the unexpected increases in incidence of these mineral disorders, increased surveillance may be appropriate. Clinical Trial Registration No. ISRCTN58987177 (http//:www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN58987177) |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8314918 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83149182021-08-06 Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015 Knapik, Joseph J Farina, Emily K Fulgoni, Victor L Lieberman, Harris R Public Health Nutr Research Paper OBJECTIVE: Iron and/or iodine deficiencies can have multiple serious adverse health outcomes, but examination of incidence rates of these deficiencies has rarely been conducted in any large population. This study examined incidence rates, temporal trends and demographic factors associated with medically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies/disorders in US military service members (SM). DESIGN: The Defense Medical Epidemiological Database (DMED) was queried for medical visits of active duty SM to obtain specific International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, codes involving clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies/disorders. SETTING: Analysis of existing database (DMED). PARTICIPANTS: Entire population of US military SM from 1997 to 2015 (average n per year = 1 382 266, 15 % women). RESULTS: Overall incidence rates for iron and iodine were 104 and 36 cases/100 000 person-years, respectively. Over the 19-year period, rates for iron disorders increased steadily (108 % for men, 177 % for women). Rates for iodine disorders also increased steadily for men (91 %), but, for women, there was an initial rise followed by a later decline. Overall, women’s rates were 12 and 10 times higher than men’s for iron and iodine, respectively. Compared with whites, blacks and those of other races had higher rates of deficiencies of both minerals. Incidence rates for iodine deficiency increased substantially with age. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiency among SM was low, but increased over the 19 years examined, and certain demographic groups were at significantly greater risk. Given the unexpected increases in incidence of these mineral disorders, increased surveillance may be appropriate. Clinical Trial Registration No. ISRCTN58987177 (http//:www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN58987177) Cambridge University Press 2021-08 2021-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8314918/ /pubmed/33541462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021000495 Text en © The Authors 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is included and the original work is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Knapik, Joseph J Farina, Emily K Fulgoni, Victor L Lieberman, Harris R Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015 |
title | Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015 |
title_full | Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015 |
title_fullStr | Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015 |
title_full_unstemmed | Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015 |
title_short | Clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of US military service members from 1997 to 2015 |
title_sort | clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiencies and disorders in the entire population of us military service members from 1997 to 2015 |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33541462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021000495 |
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