Increased hypertension following hysterectomy among reproductive women in India

BACKGROUND: In recent years, hysterectomy has received increased attention in health policy debates in India. On the other hand, based non-communicable disease specific data for India, in 2011, WHO portray a grim picture and recommended to the government a 20% reduction in hypertension by 2020; however, the trends show that it is increasing. Yet, to date, there has not been a single nationally representative study of hypertension prevalence among women who undergo a hysterectomy. METHODS: The study has used the Indian fourth round of National Family Health Survey data, which is a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 699,686 women in the age group 15–49 years and conducted during 2015–16. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the effect of hysterectomy on increased odds of hypertension among women of reproductive age groups. RESULTS: The age adjusted prevalence of hypertension was higher among women those who undergone hysterectomy (11.9%) compared to non-hysterectomy women (10.6%). The pattern holds true among relevant background characteristics such as age, place of residence, education, caste, religion, wealth, family size, years since hysterectomy, body mass index (BMI), anaemia and consumption of tobacco. The adjusted odds of hypertension among women who underwent hysterectomy compared to those who did not was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.14–2.58). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated increased hypertension level among hysterectomy women. However, these results are based on a cross-sectional study, and hence, further through investigation based on a prospective study is necessary before undertaking any policy changes. Meanwhile, the government of India may like to suggest surveillance to the general practitioners as well as obstetricians and gynaecologists following a hysterectomy in order to better understand the effect of hysterectomy on hypertension.