Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Exploration of Barriers and Facilitators From Socioecological Perspectives

Adherence to antidiabetic medications (ADMs) remains a serious challenge among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Factors affecting medication adherence are not fully understood in Nigeria. This qualitative study explored patients’ views on barriers and facilitators of medication adherence. Data collection was through face-to-face, semistructured, in-depth interviews conducted on 25 purposively sampled patients attending a public tertiary hospital. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis based on socioecological framework. NVIVO version 10 identified more codes. Most commonly identified barriers were organizational (clinic structure), personal (perception of T2DM as a dangerous illness), interpersonal (lack of spousal support), and community (concerns about taking ADMs in social gatherings). It was observed that female patients received more spousal support than the males. The facilitators of adherence include perceiving medication-taking a routine, the need to live longer, having savings for ADMs, purchasing medications to last until the next clinic visit. This study identified barriers and facilitators unique to Nigerian T2DM patients. Interventions anchored on these factors would improve medication adherence.