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Sexual Dimorphism in Outcomes of Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Role of CD163+ Macrophages, B cells, and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint
BACKGROUND: Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is over three times as common in men as it is in women; however, female patients do not respond as well to immunotherapeutic treatments and experience worse clinical outcomes than their male counterparts. Based on the established sexual dimorphi...
Autores principales: | Chenard, Stephen, Jackson, Chelsea, Vidotto, Thiago, Chen, Lina, Hardy, Céline, Jamaspishvilli, Tamara, Berman, David, Siemens, D. Robert, Koti, Madhuri |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8317911/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34337534 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2021.05.002 |
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