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The Role of Gene Duplication in the Divergence of Enzyme Function: A Comparative Approach

Gene duplication is a crucial process involved in the appearance of new genes and functions. It is thought to have played a major role in the growth of enzyme families and the expansion of metabolism at the biosphere’s dawn and in recent times. Here, we analyzed paralogous enzyme content within each...

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Autores principales: Álvarez-Lugo, Alejandro, Becerra, Arturo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8318041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34335678
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.641817
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author Álvarez-Lugo, Alejandro
Becerra, Arturo
author_facet Álvarez-Lugo, Alejandro
Becerra, Arturo
author_sort Álvarez-Lugo, Alejandro
collection PubMed
description Gene duplication is a crucial process involved in the appearance of new genes and functions. It is thought to have played a major role in the growth of enzyme families and the expansion of metabolism at the biosphere’s dawn and in recent times. Here, we analyzed paralogous enzyme content within each of the seven enzymatic classes for a representative sample of prokaryotes by a comparative approach. We found a high ratio of paralogs for three enzymatic classes: oxidoreductases, isomerases, and translocases, and within each of them, most of the paralogs belong to only a few subclasses. Our results suggest an intricate scenario for the evolution of prokaryotic enzymes, involving different fates for duplicated enzymes fixed in the genome, where around 20–40% of prokaryotic enzymes have paralogs. Intracellular organisms have a lesser ratio of duplicated enzymes, whereas free-living enzymes show the highest ratios. We also found that phylogenetically close phyla and some unrelated but with the same lifestyle share similar genomic and biochemical traits, which ultimately support the idea that gene duplication is associated with environmental adaptation.
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spelling pubmed-83180412021-07-29 The Role of Gene Duplication in the Divergence of Enzyme Function: A Comparative Approach Álvarez-Lugo, Alejandro Becerra, Arturo Front Genet Genetics Gene duplication is a crucial process involved in the appearance of new genes and functions. It is thought to have played a major role in the growth of enzyme families and the expansion of metabolism at the biosphere’s dawn and in recent times. Here, we analyzed paralogous enzyme content within each of the seven enzymatic classes for a representative sample of prokaryotes by a comparative approach. We found a high ratio of paralogs for three enzymatic classes: oxidoreductases, isomerases, and translocases, and within each of them, most of the paralogs belong to only a few subclasses. Our results suggest an intricate scenario for the evolution of prokaryotic enzymes, involving different fates for duplicated enzymes fixed in the genome, where around 20–40% of prokaryotic enzymes have paralogs. Intracellular organisms have a lesser ratio of duplicated enzymes, whereas free-living enzymes show the highest ratios. We also found that phylogenetically close phyla and some unrelated but with the same lifestyle share similar genomic and biochemical traits, which ultimately support the idea that gene duplication is associated with environmental adaptation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8318041/ /pubmed/34335678 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.641817 Text en Copyright © 2021 Álvarez-Lugo and Becerra. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Álvarez-Lugo, Alejandro
Becerra, Arturo
The Role of Gene Duplication in the Divergence of Enzyme Function: A Comparative Approach
title The Role of Gene Duplication in the Divergence of Enzyme Function: A Comparative Approach
title_full The Role of Gene Duplication in the Divergence of Enzyme Function: A Comparative Approach
title_fullStr The Role of Gene Duplication in the Divergence of Enzyme Function: A Comparative Approach
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Gene Duplication in the Divergence of Enzyme Function: A Comparative Approach
title_short The Role of Gene Duplication in the Divergence of Enzyme Function: A Comparative Approach
title_sort role of gene duplication in the divergence of enzyme function: a comparative approach
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8318041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34335678
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.641817
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