Impacto de la corrección temprana de la hiponatremia en el pronóstico de la infección del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave del coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 infection is frequently associated with hyponatremia (plasma sodium < 135 mmol/L), being associated with a worse prognosis. The incidence of hyponatremia is estimated to be 20–37% according to the series, but there are no data on the prognosis after correction of hyponatremia. Therefore, our objectives were: to analyze the incidence and severity of hyponatremia at hospital admission, and to determine the association of this hyponatremia with the prognosis of COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Observational and retrospective cohort study. Patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and hyponatremia, in the period March–May 2020, were included. We recorded epidemiological, demographic, clinical, biochemical, and radiological variables of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hyponatremia at the time of diagnosis and during hospitalization. The clinical follow-up ranged from admission to death or discharge. RESULTS: 91 patients (21.8%) of the 414 admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection presented hyponatremia (81.32% mild hyponatremia, 9.89% moderate and 8.79% severe). The absence of correction of hyponatremia 72–96 h after hospital admission was associated with higher mortality in patients with COVID-19 (Odds Ratio .165; 95% confidence interval: .018-.686; P = .011). 19 patients (20.9%) died. An increase in mortality was observed in patients with severe hyponatremia compared with moderate and mild hyponatremia during hospital admission (37.5% versus 11.1% versus 8.1%, P = .041). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that persistence of hyponatremia at 72–96 h of hospital admission was associated with higher mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2.