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Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva

The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjunctival sw...

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Autores principales: Siegal, Nora, Gutowski, Michal, Akileswaran, Lakshmi, Beauchamp, Norman J., Ding, Lien-Chieh, Chambers, Christopher B., Van Gelder, Russell N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8319407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34321490
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92642-w
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author Siegal, Nora
Gutowski, Michal
Akileswaran, Lakshmi
Beauchamp, Norman J.
Ding, Lien-Chieh
Chambers, Christopher B.
Van Gelder, Russell N.
author_facet Siegal, Nora
Gutowski, Michal
Akileswaran, Lakshmi
Beauchamp, Norman J.
Ding, Lien-Chieh
Chambers, Christopher B.
Van Gelder, Russell N.
author_sort Siegal, Nora
collection PubMed
description The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjunctival swabs from 20 anophthalmic and 20 fellow-eye intact conjunctiva. DNA was extracted and subjected to quantitative 16S rDNA PCR, biome representational karyotyping (BRiSK), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmation of specific organisms. 16S ribosomal qPCR revealed equivalent bacterial loads between conditions. Biome representational in silico karyotyping (BRiSK) demonstrated comparable bacterial fauna between anophthalmic and intact conjunctiva. Both torque teno virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV) were detected frequently in healthy and anophthalmic conjunctiva. By qPCR, MCPyV was detected in 19/20 anophthalmic samples compared with 5/20 fellow eyes. MCPyV copy number averaged 891 copies/ng in anophthalmic conjunctiva compared with 193 copies/ng in fellow eyes (p < 0.001). These results suggest that enucleation and prosthesis placement affect the ocular surface flora, particularly for the resident virome. As MCPyV has been shown to be the etiologic cause of Merkel cell carcinoma, understanding the mechanisms by which the ocular surface regulates this virus may have clinical importance.
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spelling pubmed-83194072021-07-29 Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva Siegal, Nora Gutowski, Michal Akileswaran, Lakshmi Beauchamp, Norman J. Ding, Lien-Chieh Chambers, Christopher B. Van Gelder, Russell N. Sci Rep Article The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjunctival swabs from 20 anophthalmic and 20 fellow-eye intact conjunctiva. DNA was extracted and subjected to quantitative 16S rDNA PCR, biome representational karyotyping (BRiSK), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmation of specific organisms. 16S ribosomal qPCR revealed equivalent bacterial loads between conditions. Biome representational in silico karyotyping (BRiSK) demonstrated comparable bacterial fauna between anophthalmic and intact conjunctiva. Both torque teno virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV) were detected frequently in healthy and anophthalmic conjunctiva. By qPCR, MCPyV was detected in 19/20 anophthalmic samples compared with 5/20 fellow eyes. MCPyV copy number averaged 891 copies/ng in anophthalmic conjunctiva compared with 193 copies/ng in fellow eyes (p < 0.001). These results suggest that enucleation and prosthesis placement affect the ocular surface flora, particularly for the resident virome. As MCPyV has been shown to be the etiologic cause of Merkel cell carcinoma, understanding the mechanisms by which the ocular surface regulates this virus may have clinical importance. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8319407/ /pubmed/34321490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92642-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Siegal, Nora
Gutowski, Michal
Akileswaran, Lakshmi
Beauchamp, Norman J.
Ding, Lien-Chieh
Chambers, Christopher B.
Van Gelder, Russell N.
Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_full Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_fullStr Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_full_unstemmed Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_short Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
title_sort elevated levels of merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8319407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34321490
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92642-w
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