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Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva
The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjunctival sw...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8319407/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34321490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92642-w |
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author | Siegal, Nora Gutowski, Michal Akileswaran, Lakshmi Beauchamp, Norman J. Ding, Lien-Chieh Chambers, Christopher B. Van Gelder, Russell N. |
author_facet | Siegal, Nora Gutowski, Michal Akileswaran, Lakshmi Beauchamp, Norman J. Ding, Lien-Chieh Chambers, Christopher B. Van Gelder, Russell N. |
author_sort | Siegal, Nora |
collection | PubMed |
description | The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjunctival swabs from 20 anophthalmic and 20 fellow-eye intact conjunctiva. DNA was extracted and subjected to quantitative 16S rDNA PCR, biome representational karyotyping (BRiSK), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmation of specific organisms. 16S ribosomal qPCR revealed equivalent bacterial loads between conditions. Biome representational in silico karyotyping (BRiSK) demonstrated comparable bacterial fauna between anophthalmic and intact conjunctiva. Both torque teno virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV) were detected frequently in healthy and anophthalmic conjunctiva. By qPCR, MCPyV was detected in 19/20 anophthalmic samples compared with 5/20 fellow eyes. MCPyV copy number averaged 891 copies/ng in anophthalmic conjunctiva compared with 193 copies/ng in fellow eyes (p < 0.001). These results suggest that enucleation and prosthesis placement affect the ocular surface flora, particularly for the resident virome. As MCPyV has been shown to be the etiologic cause of Merkel cell carcinoma, understanding the mechanisms by which the ocular surface regulates this virus may have clinical importance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8319407 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83194072021-07-29 Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva Siegal, Nora Gutowski, Michal Akileswaran, Lakshmi Beauchamp, Norman J. Ding, Lien-Chieh Chambers, Christopher B. Van Gelder, Russell N. Sci Rep Article The human ocular surface hosts a paucibacterial resident microbiome and virome. The factors contributing to homeostasis of this mucosal community are presently unknown. To determine the impact of ocular enucleation and prosthesis placement on the ocular surface microbiome, we sampled conjunctival swabs from 20 anophthalmic and 20 fellow-eye intact conjunctiva. DNA was extracted and subjected to quantitative 16S rDNA PCR, biome representational karyotyping (BRiSK), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmation of specific organisms. 16S ribosomal qPCR revealed equivalent bacterial loads between conditions. Biome representational in silico karyotyping (BRiSK) demonstrated comparable bacterial fauna between anophthalmic and intact conjunctiva. Both torque teno virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV) were detected frequently in healthy and anophthalmic conjunctiva. By qPCR, MCPyV was detected in 19/20 anophthalmic samples compared with 5/20 fellow eyes. MCPyV copy number averaged 891 copies/ng in anophthalmic conjunctiva compared with 193 copies/ng in fellow eyes (p < 0.001). These results suggest that enucleation and prosthesis placement affect the ocular surface flora, particularly for the resident virome. As MCPyV has been shown to be the etiologic cause of Merkel cell carcinoma, understanding the mechanisms by which the ocular surface regulates this virus may have clinical importance. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8319407/ /pubmed/34321490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92642-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Siegal, Nora Gutowski, Michal Akileswaran, Lakshmi Beauchamp, Norman J. Ding, Lien-Chieh Chambers, Christopher B. Van Gelder, Russell N. Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva |
title | Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva |
title_full | Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva |
title_fullStr | Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva |
title_full_unstemmed | Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva |
title_short | Elevated levels of Merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva |
title_sort | elevated levels of merkel cell polyoma virus in the anophthalmic conjunctiva |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8319407/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34321490 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92642-w |
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