Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and Pulse Wave Velocity

BACKGROUND: In hemodialysis patients, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) levels are affected by particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM(10)). We conducted this study to determine whether there is an association between short- and long-term PM(10) exposure and baPWV in apparently healthy adults aged 40 years and older. METHODS: A total of 1,628 subjects who underwent health examinations between 2006 and 2009 were included in the study. On the basis of the day of medical screening, the 1–3-day and 365-day moving averages of PM(10) concentrations were used to evaluate the association between short- and long-term exposure to PM(10) and high baPWV (≥the third quartile of baPWV, 1,534 cm/s) using logistic regression models. Additional subgroup analyses were conducted according to age, sex, obesity (body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m(2)), and comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: No statistically significant associations were identified between short-term and long-term exposure to PM(10) and baPWV in any of the subjects and subgroups. A 10-μg/m(3) increase in the 2-day moving average of PM(10) exposure was marginally associated with high baPWV in non-obese subjects (odds ratio, 1.059; P=0.058). This association in non-obese subjects was significantly different from that in obese subjects (P=0.038). CONCLUSION: This study did not show statistically significant associations between short-term and long-term exposure to PM(10) and baPWV in apparently healthy subjects. With short-term exposure to PM(10), non-obese subjects showed a marginally unfavorable association with baPWV. Further studies are necessary to validate and elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of PM(10) on baPWV.