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School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States
BACKGROUND: The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread wildly across the world. In March of 2020, almost all kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) schools were closed in the United States in an urgent attempt to curb the pandemic in the absence of...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8322504/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34397701 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000026709 |
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author | Tan, Wanli |
author_facet | Tan, Wanli |
author_sort | Tan, Wanli |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread wildly across the world. In March of 2020, almost all kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) schools were closed in the United States in an urgent attempt to curb the pandemic in the absence of effective therapeutics or vaccination. Thirteen months since then, schools remain partially closed. Accumulated evidence suggests that children and adolescents are not the primary facilitators of transmission, limiting the restrictive effects of school closures on disease transmission. The negative effects of school closures on K-12 students need to be systematically reviewed. METHODS: Following the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes, a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science regarding school closures and its impact on K-12 students was conducted. The primary outcomes included the impact of school closures on the mitigation of the pandemic and the resulting public health concerns of K-12 students. RESULTS: Prolonged school closures possessed negative effects on K-12 students’ physical, mental, and social well-being and reduced the number of health and social workers, hindering the reopening of the country. CONCLUSIONS: School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. A safe reopening of all K-12 schools in the United States should be of top priority. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8322504 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83225042021-08-02 School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States Tan, Wanli Medicine (Baltimore) 6600 BACKGROUND: The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread wildly across the world. In March of 2020, almost all kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) schools were closed in the United States in an urgent attempt to curb the pandemic in the absence of effective therapeutics or vaccination. Thirteen months since then, schools remain partially closed. Accumulated evidence suggests that children and adolescents are not the primary facilitators of transmission, limiting the restrictive effects of school closures on disease transmission. The negative effects of school closures on K-12 students need to be systematically reviewed. METHODS: Following the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes, a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science regarding school closures and its impact on K-12 students was conducted. The primary outcomes included the impact of school closures on the mitigation of the pandemic and the resulting public health concerns of K-12 students. RESULTS: Prolonged school closures possessed negative effects on K-12 students’ physical, mental, and social well-being and reduced the number of health and social workers, hindering the reopening of the country. CONCLUSIONS: School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. A safe reopening of all K-12 schools in the United States should be of top priority. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2021-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8322504/ /pubmed/34397701 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000026709 Text en Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections. |
spellingShingle | 6600 Tan, Wanli School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States |
title | School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States |
title_full | School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States |
title_fullStr | School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed | School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States |
title_short | School closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission: A literature review on the impact of school closures in the United States |
title_sort | school closures were over-weighted against the mitigation of covid-19 transmission: a literature review on the impact of school closures in the united states |
topic | 6600 |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8322504/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34397701 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000026709 |
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