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The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease that began in 2019 (COVID-19), has been responsible for 1.4 million deaths worldwide as of 13 November 2020. Because at the time of writing no vaccine is yet available, a rapid diagnostic assay is very...

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Autores principales: Pramanik, Avijit, Gao, Ye, Patibandla, Shamily, Mitra, Dipanwita, McCandless, Martin G., Fassero, Lauren A., Gates, Kalein, Tandon, Ritesh, Chandra Ray, Paresh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: RSC 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8323809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34381960
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na01007c
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author Pramanik, Avijit
Gao, Ye
Patibandla, Shamily
Mitra, Dipanwita
McCandless, Martin G.
Fassero, Lauren A.
Gates, Kalein
Tandon, Ritesh
Chandra Ray, Paresh
author_facet Pramanik, Avijit
Gao, Ye
Patibandla, Shamily
Mitra, Dipanwita
McCandless, Martin G.
Fassero, Lauren A.
Gates, Kalein
Tandon, Ritesh
Chandra Ray, Paresh
author_sort Pramanik, Avijit
collection PubMed
description Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease that began in 2019 (COVID-19), has been responsible for 1.4 million deaths worldwide as of 13 November 2020. Because at the time of writing no vaccine is yet available, a rapid diagnostic assay is very urgently needed. Herein, we present the development of anti-spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles for the rapid diagnosis of specific COVID-19 viral antigen or virus via a simple colorimetric change observation within a 5 minute time period. For rapid and highly sensitive identification, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was employed using 4-aminothiophenol as a reporter molecule, which is attached to the gold nanoparticle via an Au–S bond. In the presence of COVID-19 antigen or virus particles, owing to the antigen–antibody interaction, the gold nanoparticles undergo aggregation, changing color from pink to blue, which allows for the determination of the presence of antigen or virus very rapidly by the naked eye, even at concentrations of 1 nanogram (ng) per mL for COVID-19 antigen and 1000 virus particles per mL for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudotyped baculovirus. Importantly, the aggregated gold nanoparticles form “hot spots” to provide very strong SERS signal enhancement from anti-spike antibody and 4-aminothiophenol attached gold nanoparticles via light–matter interactions. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation data indicate a 4-orders-of-magnitude Raman enhancement in “hot spot” positions when gold nanoparticles form aggregates. Using a portable Raman analyzer, our reported data demonstrate that our antibody and 4-aminothiophenol attached gold nanoparticle-based SERS probe has the capability to detect COVID-19 antigen even at a concentration of 4 picograms (pg) per mL and virus at a concentration of 18 virus particles per mL within a 5 minute time period. Using HEK293T cells, which express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), by which SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells, we show that anti-spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles have the capability to inhibit infection by the virus. Our reported data show that antibody attached gold nanoparticles bind to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby inhibiting the virus from binding to cell receptors, which stops virus infection and spread. It also has the capability to destroy the lipid membrane of the virus.
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spelling pubmed-83238092021-08-09 The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles Pramanik, Avijit Gao, Ye Patibandla, Shamily Mitra, Dipanwita McCandless, Martin G. Fassero, Lauren A. Gates, Kalein Tandon, Ritesh Chandra Ray, Paresh Nanoscale Adv Chemistry Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease that began in 2019 (COVID-19), has been responsible for 1.4 million deaths worldwide as of 13 November 2020. Because at the time of writing no vaccine is yet available, a rapid diagnostic assay is very urgently needed. Herein, we present the development of anti-spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles for the rapid diagnosis of specific COVID-19 viral antigen or virus via a simple colorimetric change observation within a 5 minute time period. For rapid and highly sensitive identification, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was employed using 4-aminothiophenol as a reporter molecule, which is attached to the gold nanoparticle via an Au–S bond. In the presence of COVID-19 antigen or virus particles, owing to the antigen–antibody interaction, the gold nanoparticles undergo aggregation, changing color from pink to blue, which allows for the determination of the presence of antigen or virus very rapidly by the naked eye, even at concentrations of 1 nanogram (ng) per mL for COVID-19 antigen and 1000 virus particles per mL for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudotyped baculovirus. Importantly, the aggregated gold nanoparticles form “hot spots” to provide very strong SERS signal enhancement from anti-spike antibody and 4-aminothiophenol attached gold nanoparticles via light–matter interactions. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation data indicate a 4-orders-of-magnitude Raman enhancement in “hot spot” positions when gold nanoparticles form aggregates. Using a portable Raman analyzer, our reported data demonstrate that our antibody and 4-aminothiophenol attached gold nanoparticle-based SERS probe has the capability to detect COVID-19 antigen even at a concentration of 4 picograms (pg) per mL and virus at a concentration of 18 virus particles per mL within a 5 minute time period. Using HEK293T cells, which express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), by which SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells, we show that anti-spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles have the capability to inhibit infection by the virus. Our reported data show that antibody attached gold nanoparticles bind to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby inhibiting the virus from binding to cell receptors, which stops virus infection and spread. It also has the capability to destroy the lipid membrane of the virus. RSC 2021-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8323809/ /pubmed/34381960 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na01007c Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Pramanik, Avijit
Gao, Ye
Patibandla, Shamily
Mitra, Dipanwita
McCandless, Martin G.
Fassero, Lauren A.
Gates, Kalein
Tandon, Ritesh
Chandra Ray, Paresh
The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles
title The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles
title_full The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles
title_fullStr The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles
title_short The rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles
title_sort rapid diagnosis and effective inhibition of coronavirus using spike antibody attached gold nanoparticles
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8323809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34381960
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na01007c
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