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Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task

Motivation signals have been shown to influence the engagement of cognitive control processes. However, most studies focus on the invigorating effect of reward prospect, rather than the reinforcing effect of reward feedback. The present study aimed to test whether people strategically adapt conflict...

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Autores principales: Prével, Arthur, Krebs, Ruth M., Kukkonen, Nanne, Braem, Senne
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8323904/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34329341
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255430
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author Prével, Arthur
Krebs, Ruth M.
Kukkonen, Nanne
Braem, Senne
author_facet Prével, Arthur
Krebs, Ruth M.
Kukkonen, Nanne
Braem, Senne
author_sort Prével, Arthur
collection PubMed
description Motivation signals have been shown to influence the engagement of cognitive control processes. However, most studies focus on the invigorating effect of reward prospect, rather than the reinforcing effect of reward feedback. The present study aimed to test whether people strategically adapt conflict processing when confronted with condition-specific congruency-reward contingencies in a manual Stroop task. Results show that the size of the Stroop effect can be affected by selectively rewarding responses following incongruent versus congruent trials. However, our findings also suggest important boundary conditions. Our first two experiments only show a modulation of the Stroop effect in the first half of the experimental blocks, possibly due to our adaptive threshold procedure demotivating adaptive behavior over time. The third experiment showed an overall modulation of the Stroop effect, but did not find evidence for a similar modulation on test items, leaving open whether this effect generalizes to the congruency conditions, or is stimulus-specific. More generally, our results are consistent with computational models of cognitive control and support contemporary learning perspectives on cognitive control. The findings also offer new guidelines and directions for future investigations on the selective reinforcement of cognitive control processes.
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spelling pubmed-83239042021-07-31 Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task Prével, Arthur Krebs, Ruth M. Kukkonen, Nanne Braem, Senne PLoS One Research Article Motivation signals have been shown to influence the engagement of cognitive control processes. However, most studies focus on the invigorating effect of reward prospect, rather than the reinforcing effect of reward feedback. The present study aimed to test whether people strategically adapt conflict processing when confronted with condition-specific congruency-reward contingencies in a manual Stroop task. Results show that the size of the Stroop effect can be affected by selectively rewarding responses following incongruent versus congruent trials. However, our findings also suggest important boundary conditions. Our first two experiments only show a modulation of the Stroop effect in the first half of the experimental blocks, possibly due to our adaptive threshold procedure demotivating adaptive behavior over time. The third experiment showed an overall modulation of the Stroop effect, but did not find evidence for a similar modulation on test items, leaving open whether this effect generalizes to the congruency conditions, or is stimulus-specific. More generally, our results are consistent with computational models of cognitive control and support contemporary learning perspectives on cognitive control. The findings also offer new guidelines and directions for future investigations on the selective reinforcement of cognitive control processes. Public Library of Science 2021-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8323904/ /pubmed/34329341 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255430 Text en © 2021 Prével et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Prével, Arthur
Krebs, Ruth M.
Kukkonen, Nanne
Braem, Senne
Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task
title Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task
title_full Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task
title_fullStr Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task
title_full_unstemmed Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task
title_short Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task
title_sort selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the stroop task
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8323904/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34329341
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255430
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