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Social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations

Humans and other group-living animals tend to distribute their social effort disproportionately. Individuals predominantly interact with a small number of close companions while maintaining weaker social bonds with less familiar group members. By incorporating this behavior into a mathematical model...

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Autores principales: Colman, Ewan, Colizza, Vittoria, Hanks, Ephraim M, Hughes, David P, Bansal, Shweta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8324292/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34328080
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.62177
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author Colman, Ewan
Colizza, Vittoria
Hanks, Ephraim M
Hughes, David P
Bansal, Shweta
author_facet Colman, Ewan
Colizza, Vittoria
Hanks, Ephraim M
Hughes, David P
Bansal, Shweta
author_sort Colman, Ewan
collection PubMed
description Humans and other group-living animals tend to distribute their social effort disproportionately. Individuals predominantly interact with a small number of close companions while maintaining weaker social bonds with less familiar group members. By incorporating this behavior into a mathematical model, we find that a single parameter, which we refer to as social fluidity, controls the rate of social mixing within the group. Large values of social fluidity correspond to gregarious behavior, whereas small values signify the existence of persistent bonds between individuals. We compare the social fluidity of 13 species by applying the model to empirical human and animal social interaction data. To investigate how social behavior influences the likelihood of an epidemic outbreak, we derive an analytical expression of the relationship between social fluidity and the basic reproductive number of an infectious disease. For species that form more stable social bonds, the model describes frequency-dependent transmission that is sensitive to changes in social fluidity. As social fluidity increases, animal-disease systems become increasingly density-dependent. Finally, we demonstrate that social fluidity is a stronger predictor of disease outcomes than both group size and connectivity, and it provides an integrated framework for both density-dependent and frequency-dependent transmission.
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spelling pubmed-83242922021-08-02 Social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations Colman, Ewan Colizza, Vittoria Hanks, Ephraim M Hughes, David P Bansal, Shweta eLife Computational and Systems Biology Humans and other group-living animals tend to distribute their social effort disproportionately. Individuals predominantly interact with a small number of close companions while maintaining weaker social bonds with less familiar group members. By incorporating this behavior into a mathematical model, we find that a single parameter, which we refer to as social fluidity, controls the rate of social mixing within the group. Large values of social fluidity correspond to gregarious behavior, whereas small values signify the existence of persistent bonds between individuals. We compare the social fluidity of 13 species by applying the model to empirical human and animal social interaction data. To investigate how social behavior influences the likelihood of an epidemic outbreak, we derive an analytical expression of the relationship between social fluidity and the basic reproductive number of an infectious disease. For species that form more stable social bonds, the model describes frequency-dependent transmission that is sensitive to changes in social fluidity. As social fluidity increases, animal-disease systems become increasingly density-dependent. Finally, we demonstrate that social fluidity is a stronger predictor of disease outcomes than both group size and connectivity, and it provides an integrated framework for both density-dependent and frequency-dependent transmission. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2021-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8324292/ /pubmed/34328080 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.62177 Text en © 2021, Colman et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Computational and Systems Biology
Colman, Ewan
Colizza, Vittoria
Hanks, Ephraim M
Hughes, David P
Bansal, Shweta
Social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations
title Social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations
title_full Social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations
title_fullStr Social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations
title_full_unstemmed Social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations
title_short Social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations
title_sort social fluidity mobilizes contagion in human and animal populations
topic Computational and Systems Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8324292/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34328080
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.62177
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