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Helminth Coinfection Is Associated With Enhanced Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial for tissue remodeling and repair and are expressed in diverse infections, whereas tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. However, the interaction of MMPs and TIMPs in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), an extra-pu...

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Autores principales: Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj, Moideen, Kadar, Thiruvengadam, Kannan, Sridhar, Rathinam, Baskaran, Dhanaraj, Babu, Subash
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8326810/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34350132
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.680665
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author Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj
Moideen, Kadar
Thiruvengadam, Kannan
Sridhar, Rathinam
Baskaran, Dhanaraj
Babu, Subash
author_facet Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj
Moideen, Kadar
Thiruvengadam, Kannan
Sridhar, Rathinam
Baskaran, Dhanaraj
Babu, Subash
author_sort Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj
collection PubMed
description Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial for tissue remodeling and repair and are expressed in diverse infections, whereas tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. However, the interaction of MMPs and TIMPs in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), an extra-pulmonary form of tuberculosis (EPTB) and helminth (Hel+) coinfection is not known. Therefore, this present study investigates the levels of circulating MMPs (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) and TIMPs (1, 2, 3, 4) in TBL individuals with helminth (Strongyloides stercoralis [Ss], hereafter Hel+) coinfection and without helminth coinfection (hereafter, Hel-). In addition, we have also carried out the regression analysis and calculated the MMP/TIMP ratios between the two study groups. We describe that the circulating levels of MMPs (except MMP-8 and MMP-12) were elevated in TBL-Hel+ coinfected individuals compared to TBL-Hel- individuals. Similarly, the systemic levels of TIMPs (1, 2, 3, 4) were increased in TBL-Hel+ compared to TBL-Hel- groups indicating that it is a feature of helminth coinfection per se. Finally, our multivariate analysis data also revealed that the changes in MMPs and TIMPs were independent of age, sex, and culture status between TBL-Hel+ and TBL-Hel- individuals. We show that the MMP-2 ratio with all TIMPs were significantly associated with TBL-helminth coinfection. Thus, our results describe how helminth infection has a profound effect on the pathogenesis of TBL and that both MMPs and TIMPs could dampen the immunity against the TBL-Hel+ coinfected individuals.
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spelling pubmed-83268102021-08-03 Helminth Coinfection Is Associated With Enhanced Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj Moideen, Kadar Thiruvengadam, Kannan Sridhar, Rathinam Baskaran, Dhanaraj Babu, Subash Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial for tissue remodeling and repair and are expressed in diverse infections, whereas tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. However, the interaction of MMPs and TIMPs in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), an extra-pulmonary form of tuberculosis (EPTB) and helminth (Hel+) coinfection is not known. Therefore, this present study investigates the levels of circulating MMPs (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13) and TIMPs (1, 2, 3, 4) in TBL individuals with helminth (Strongyloides stercoralis [Ss], hereafter Hel+) coinfection and without helminth coinfection (hereafter, Hel-). In addition, we have also carried out the regression analysis and calculated the MMP/TIMP ratios between the two study groups. We describe that the circulating levels of MMPs (except MMP-8 and MMP-12) were elevated in TBL-Hel+ coinfected individuals compared to TBL-Hel- individuals. Similarly, the systemic levels of TIMPs (1, 2, 3, 4) were increased in TBL-Hel+ compared to TBL-Hel- groups indicating that it is a feature of helminth coinfection per se. Finally, our multivariate analysis data also revealed that the changes in MMPs and TIMPs were independent of age, sex, and culture status between TBL-Hel+ and TBL-Hel- individuals. We show that the MMP-2 ratio with all TIMPs were significantly associated with TBL-helminth coinfection. Thus, our results describe how helminth infection has a profound effect on the pathogenesis of TBL and that both MMPs and TIMPs could dampen the immunity against the TBL-Hel+ coinfected individuals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8326810/ /pubmed/34350132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.680665 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kathamuthu, Moideen, Thiruvengadam, Sridhar, Baskaran and Babu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj
Moideen, Kadar
Thiruvengadam, Kannan
Sridhar, Rathinam
Baskaran, Dhanaraj
Babu, Subash
Helminth Coinfection Is Associated With Enhanced Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
title Helminth Coinfection Is Associated With Enhanced Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
title_full Helminth Coinfection Is Associated With Enhanced Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
title_fullStr Helminth Coinfection Is Associated With Enhanced Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
title_full_unstemmed Helminth Coinfection Is Associated With Enhanced Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
title_short Helminth Coinfection Is Associated With Enhanced Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
title_sort helminth coinfection is associated with enhanced plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in tuberculous lymphadenitis
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8326810/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34350132
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.680665
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