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Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions
Conspecific alarm cues crushed from Mesocentrotus nudus prevent sea urchins from foraging the kelp, but do not repel them far away from the kelp. However, it remains largely unknown of whether this phenomenon was affected by conspecific alarm cues or by the attraction of the kelp. The present study...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8329164/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34341391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94969-w |
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author | Chi, Xiaomei Yang, Mingfang Hu, Fangyuan Huang, Xiyuan Yu, Yushi Chang, Yaqing Wang, Qingzhi Zhao, Chong |
author_facet | Chi, Xiaomei Yang, Mingfang Hu, Fangyuan Huang, Xiyuan Yu, Yushi Chang, Yaqing Wang, Qingzhi Zhao, Chong |
author_sort | Chi, Xiaomei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Conspecific alarm cues crushed from Mesocentrotus nudus prevent sea urchins from foraging the kelp, but do not repel them far away from the kelp. However, it remains largely unknown of whether this phenomenon was affected by conspecific alarm cues or by the attraction of the kelp. The present study found no significant difference in the duration in the danger area with or without the kelp around conspecific alarm cues. This suggests that the phenomenon is the strategy of sea urchins but not by the attraction of kelp. We found that conspecific alarm cues appearing between the kelp and sea urchins significantly affected foraging behavior of sea urchins fasted for 21 days. This indicates that conspecific alarm cues can effectively prevent fasted sea urchins from foraging the kelp. Further, there was no correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the danger area. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the safety area close to different amounts of conspecific alarm cues, suggesting that conspecific alarm cues prevent sea urchins with strong foraging ability to forage. Collectively, the present results indicate that conspecific alarm cues as highly available biological barriers are cost-effective approaches to preventing overgrazing of sea urchins in the protection of kelp beds ecosystems. Notably, the present study is a short-term laboratory investigation that does not consider the complexity of natural conditions. Future studies are essential to test the present findings in the field. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8329164 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83291642021-08-04 Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions Chi, Xiaomei Yang, Mingfang Hu, Fangyuan Huang, Xiyuan Yu, Yushi Chang, Yaqing Wang, Qingzhi Zhao, Chong Sci Rep Article Conspecific alarm cues crushed from Mesocentrotus nudus prevent sea urchins from foraging the kelp, but do not repel them far away from the kelp. However, it remains largely unknown of whether this phenomenon was affected by conspecific alarm cues or by the attraction of the kelp. The present study found no significant difference in the duration in the danger area with or without the kelp around conspecific alarm cues. This suggests that the phenomenon is the strategy of sea urchins but not by the attraction of kelp. We found that conspecific alarm cues appearing between the kelp and sea urchins significantly affected foraging behavior of sea urchins fasted for 21 days. This indicates that conspecific alarm cues can effectively prevent fasted sea urchins from foraging the kelp. Further, there was no correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the danger area. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the safety area close to different amounts of conspecific alarm cues, suggesting that conspecific alarm cues prevent sea urchins with strong foraging ability to forage. Collectively, the present results indicate that conspecific alarm cues as highly available biological barriers are cost-effective approaches to preventing overgrazing of sea urchins in the protection of kelp beds ecosystems. Notably, the present study is a short-term laboratory investigation that does not consider the complexity of natural conditions. Future studies are essential to test the present findings in the field. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8329164/ /pubmed/34341391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94969-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Chi, Xiaomei Yang, Mingfang Hu, Fangyuan Huang, Xiyuan Yu, Yushi Chang, Yaqing Wang, Qingzhi Zhao, Chong Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions |
title | Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions |
title_full | Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions |
title_fullStr | Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions |
title_short | Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions |
title_sort | foraging behavior of the sea urchin mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8329164/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34341391 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94969-w |
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