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Common and Distinct Alterations of Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study

Objective: Numerous studies indicate that schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) share pathophysiological characteristics. Investigating the neurobiological features of psychiatric-affective disorders may facilitate the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Hence, we aimed to explore...

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Autores principales: Ma, Mengying, Zhang, Yuyanan, Zhang, Xiao, Yan, Hao, Zhang, Dai, Yue, Weihua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8329352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34354618
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705998
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author Ma, Mengying
Zhang, Yuyanan
Zhang, Xiao
Yan, Hao
Zhang, Dai
Yue, Weihua
author_facet Ma, Mengying
Zhang, Yuyanan
Zhang, Xiao
Yan, Hao
Zhang, Dai
Yue, Weihua
author_sort Ma, Mengying
collection PubMed
description Objective: Numerous studies indicate that schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) share pathophysiological characteristics. Investigating the neurobiological features of psychiatric-affective disorders may facilitate the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Hence, we aimed to explore whether patients with SCZ and patients with MDD had the similar or distinct cognitive impairments and GMV alterations to further understand their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods: We recruited a total of 52 MDD patients, 64 SCZ patients, and 65 healthy controls (HCs). The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery was used to assess cognitive functions. In addition, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to evaluate the gray matter volume (GMV) by using MRI scanning. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to find the differences among the MDD, SCZ, and HCs. Finally, we explored the correlation between structural alterations and cognitive functions. Results: Compared with that of HCs, processing speed was impaired in both patients with SCZ and patients with MDD (F = 49.505, p < 0.001). SCZ patients displayed impaired cognitive performance in all dimensions of cognitive functions compared with HCs (p < 0.001, except social cognition, p = 0.043, Bonferroni corrected). Whole-brain VBM analysis showed that both SCZ and MDD groups had reductions of GMV in the medial superior frontal cortex (cluster-level FWE p < 0.05). Patients with SCZ exhibited declining GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex and right middle frontal cortex (MFC) compared with HCs and MDD patients (cluster-level FWE p < 0.05). The mean values of GMV in the right MFC had a positive correlation with the attention/vigilance function in patients with MDD (p = 0.014, partial. r = 0.349, without Bonferroni correction). Conclusions: In total, our study found that MDD and SCZ groups had common cognitive impairments and brain structural alterations, but the SCZ group exhibited more severe impairment than the MDD group in both fields. The above findings may provide a potential support for recognizing the convergent and divergent brain neural pathophysiological mechanisms between MDD and SCZ.
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spelling pubmed-83293522021-08-04 Common and Distinct Alterations of Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study Ma, Mengying Zhang, Yuyanan Zhang, Xiao Yan, Hao Zhang, Dai Yue, Weihua Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Objective: Numerous studies indicate that schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) share pathophysiological characteristics. Investigating the neurobiological features of psychiatric-affective disorders may facilitate the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Hence, we aimed to explore whether patients with SCZ and patients with MDD had the similar or distinct cognitive impairments and GMV alterations to further understand their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods: We recruited a total of 52 MDD patients, 64 SCZ patients, and 65 healthy controls (HCs). The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery was used to assess cognitive functions. In addition, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to evaluate the gray matter volume (GMV) by using MRI scanning. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to find the differences among the MDD, SCZ, and HCs. Finally, we explored the correlation between structural alterations and cognitive functions. Results: Compared with that of HCs, processing speed was impaired in both patients with SCZ and patients with MDD (F = 49.505, p < 0.001). SCZ patients displayed impaired cognitive performance in all dimensions of cognitive functions compared with HCs (p < 0.001, except social cognition, p = 0.043, Bonferroni corrected). Whole-brain VBM analysis showed that both SCZ and MDD groups had reductions of GMV in the medial superior frontal cortex (cluster-level FWE p < 0.05). Patients with SCZ exhibited declining GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex and right middle frontal cortex (MFC) compared with HCs and MDD patients (cluster-level FWE p < 0.05). The mean values of GMV in the right MFC had a positive correlation with the attention/vigilance function in patients with MDD (p = 0.014, partial. r = 0.349, without Bonferroni correction). Conclusions: In total, our study found that MDD and SCZ groups had common cognitive impairments and brain structural alterations, but the SCZ group exhibited more severe impairment than the MDD group in both fields. The above findings may provide a potential support for recognizing the convergent and divergent brain neural pathophysiological mechanisms between MDD and SCZ. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8329352/ /pubmed/34354618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705998 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ma, Zhang, Zhang, Yan, Zhang and Yue. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Ma, Mengying
Zhang, Yuyanan
Zhang, Xiao
Yan, Hao
Zhang, Dai
Yue, Weihua
Common and Distinct Alterations of Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
title Common and Distinct Alterations of Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_full Common and Distinct Alterations of Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_fullStr Common and Distinct Alterations of Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_full_unstemmed Common and Distinct Alterations of Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_short Common and Distinct Alterations of Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_sort common and distinct alterations of cognitive function and brain structure in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: a pilot study
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8329352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34354618
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705998
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