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Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells

The tremendous diversity of the human immune repertoire, fundamental for the defense against highly heterogeneous pathogens, is based on the ingenious mechanism of immune gene rearrangements. Rearranged immune genes encoding the immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors and thus determining each lymphocy...

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Autores principales: Kotrova, Michaela, Darzentas, Nikos, Pott, Christiane, Baldus, Claudia D., Brüggemann, Monika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8329920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12070979
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author Kotrova, Michaela
Darzentas, Nikos
Pott, Christiane
Baldus, Claudia D.
Brüggemann, Monika
author_facet Kotrova, Michaela
Darzentas, Nikos
Pott, Christiane
Baldus, Claudia D.
Brüggemann, Monika
author_sort Kotrova, Michaela
collection PubMed
description The tremendous diversity of the human immune repertoire, fundamental for the defense against highly heterogeneous pathogens, is based on the ingenious mechanism of immune gene rearrangements. Rearranged immune genes encoding the immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors and thus determining each lymphocyte’s antigen specificity are very valuable molecular markers for tracing malignant or physiological lymphocytes. One of their most significant applications is tracking residual leukemic cells in patients with lymphoid malignancies. This so called ‘minimal residual disease’ (MRD) has been shown to be the most important prognostic factor across various leukemia subtypes and has therefore been given enormous attention. Despite the current rapid development of the molecular methods, the classical real-time PCR based approach is still being regarded as the standard method for molecular MRD detection due to the cumbersome standardization of the novel approaches currently in progress within the EuroMRD and EuroClonality NGS Consortia. Each of the molecular methods, however, poses certain benefits and it is therefore expectable that none of the methods for MRD detection will clearly prevail over the others in the near future.
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spelling pubmed-83299202021-08-04 Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells Kotrova, Michaela Darzentas, Nikos Pott, Christiane Baldus, Claudia D. Brüggemann, Monika Genes (Basel) Review The tremendous diversity of the human immune repertoire, fundamental for the defense against highly heterogeneous pathogens, is based on the ingenious mechanism of immune gene rearrangements. Rearranged immune genes encoding the immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors and thus determining each lymphocyte’s antigen specificity are very valuable molecular markers for tracing malignant or physiological lymphocytes. One of their most significant applications is tracking residual leukemic cells in patients with lymphoid malignancies. This so called ‘minimal residual disease’ (MRD) has been shown to be the most important prognostic factor across various leukemia subtypes and has therefore been given enormous attention. Despite the current rapid development of the molecular methods, the classical real-time PCR based approach is still being regarded as the standard method for molecular MRD detection due to the cumbersome standardization of the novel approaches currently in progress within the EuroMRD and EuroClonality NGS Consortia. Each of the molecular methods, however, poses certain benefits and it is therefore expectable that none of the methods for MRD detection will clearly prevail over the others in the near future. MDPI 2021-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8329920/ /pubmed/34198966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12070979 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kotrova, Michaela
Darzentas, Nikos
Pott, Christiane
Baldus, Claudia D.
Brüggemann, Monika
Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells
title Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells
title_full Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells
title_fullStr Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells
title_full_unstemmed Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells
title_short Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells
title_sort immune gene rearrangements: unique signatures for tracing physiological lymphocytes and leukemic cells
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8329920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198966
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12070979
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