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Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells
The tremendous diversity of the human immune repertoire, fundamental for the defense against highly heterogeneous pathogens, is based on the ingenious mechanism of immune gene rearrangements. Rearranged immune genes encoding the immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors and thus determining each lymphocy...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8329920/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12070979 |
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author | Kotrova, Michaela Darzentas, Nikos Pott, Christiane Baldus, Claudia D. Brüggemann, Monika |
author_facet | Kotrova, Michaela Darzentas, Nikos Pott, Christiane Baldus, Claudia D. Brüggemann, Monika |
author_sort | Kotrova, Michaela |
collection | PubMed |
description | The tremendous diversity of the human immune repertoire, fundamental for the defense against highly heterogeneous pathogens, is based on the ingenious mechanism of immune gene rearrangements. Rearranged immune genes encoding the immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors and thus determining each lymphocyte’s antigen specificity are very valuable molecular markers for tracing malignant or physiological lymphocytes. One of their most significant applications is tracking residual leukemic cells in patients with lymphoid malignancies. This so called ‘minimal residual disease’ (MRD) has been shown to be the most important prognostic factor across various leukemia subtypes and has therefore been given enormous attention. Despite the current rapid development of the molecular methods, the classical real-time PCR based approach is still being regarded as the standard method for molecular MRD detection due to the cumbersome standardization of the novel approaches currently in progress within the EuroMRD and EuroClonality NGS Consortia. Each of the molecular methods, however, poses certain benefits and it is therefore expectable that none of the methods for MRD detection will clearly prevail over the others in the near future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8329920 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83299202021-08-04 Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells Kotrova, Michaela Darzentas, Nikos Pott, Christiane Baldus, Claudia D. Brüggemann, Monika Genes (Basel) Review The tremendous diversity of the human immune repertoire, fundamental for the defense against highly heterogeneous pathogens, is based on the ingenious mechanism of immune gene rearrangements. Rearranged immune genes encoding the immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors and thus determining each lymphocyte’s antigen specificity are very valuable molecular markers for tracing malignant or physiological lymphocytes. One of their most significant applications is tracking residual leukemic cells in patients with lymphoid malignancies. This so called ‘minimal residual disease’ (MRD) has been shown to be the most important prognostic factor across various leukemia subtypes and has therefore been given enormous attention. Despite the current rapid development of the molecular methods, the classical real-time PCR based approach is still being regarded as the standard method for molecular MRD detection due to the cumbersome standardization of the novel approaches currently in progress within the EuroMRD and EuroClonality NGS Consortia. Each of the molecular methods, however, poses certain benefits and it is therefore expectable that none of the methods for MRD detection will clearly prevail over the others in the near future. MDPI 2021-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8329920/ /pubmed/34198966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12070979 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kotrova, Michaela Darzentas, Nikos Pott, Christiane Baldus, Claudia D. Brüggemann, Monika Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells |
title | Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells |
title_full | Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells |
title_fullStr | Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells |
title_short | Immune Gene Rearrangements: Unique Signatures for Tracing Physiological Lymphocytes and Leukemic Cells |
title_sort | immune gene rearrangements: unique signatures for tracing physiological lymphocytes and leukemic cells |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8329920/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12070979 |
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