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SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation

This review discusses the techniques available for detecting and inactivating of pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste. In view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 is being given special attention, with a thorough examination of all possible transmission path...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Anand, Uttpal, Li, Xuan, Sunita, Kumari, Lokhandwala, Snehal, Gautam, Pratibha, Suresh, S., Sarma, Hemen, Vellingiri, Balachandar, Dey, Abhijit, Bontempi, Elza, Jiang, Guangming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8332740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34358502
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111839
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author Anand, Uttpal
Li, Xuan
Sunita, Kumari
Lokhandwala, Snehal
Gautam, Pratibha
Suresh, S.
Sarma, Hemen
Vellingiri, Balachandar
Dey, Abhijit
Bontempi, Elza
Jiang, Guangming
author_facet Anand, Uttpal
Li, Xuan
Sunita, Kumari
Lokhandwala, Snehal
Gautam, Pratibha
Suresh, S.
Sarma, Hemen
Vellingiri, Balachandar
Dey, Abhijit
Bontempi, Elza
Jiang, Guangming
author_sort Anand, Uttpal
collection PubMed
description This review discusses the techniques available for detecting and inactivating of pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste. In view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 is being given special attention, with a thorough examination of all possible transmission pathways linked to the selected waste matrices. Despite the lack of works focused on landfill leachate, a systematic review method, based on cluster analysis, allows to analyze the available papers devoted to sewage sludge and wastewater, allowing to focalize the work on technologies able to detect and treat pathogens. In this work, great attention is also devoted to infectivity and transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the literature analysis shows that sewage sludge and landfill leachate seem to have a remote chance to act as a virus transmission route (pollution-to-human transmission) due to improper collection and treatment of municipal wastewater and solid waste. However due to the incertitude about virus infectivity, these possibilities cannot be excluded and need further investigation. As a conclusion, this paper shows that additional research is required not only on the coronavirus-specific disinfection, but also the regular surveillance or monitoring of viral loads in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate. The disinfection strategies need to be optimized in terms of dosage and potential adverse impacts like antimicrobial resistance, among many other factors. Finally, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic microorganisms in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate can hamper the possibility to ensure safe water and public health in economically marginalized countries and hinder the realization of the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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spelling pubmed-83327402021-08-04 SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation Anand, Uttpal Li, Xuan Sunita, Kumari Lokhandwala, Snehal Gautam, Pratibha Suresh, S. Sarma, Hemen Vellingiri, Balachandar Dey, Abhijit Bontempi, Elza Jiang, Guangming Environ Res Article This review discusses the techniques available for detecting and inactivating of pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste. In view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 is being given special attention, with a thorough examination of all possible transmission pathways linked to the selected waste matrices. Despite the lack of works focused on landfill leachate, a systematic review method, based on cluster analysis, allows to analyze the available papers devoted to sewage sludge and wastewater, allowing to focalize the work on technologies able to detect and treat pathogens. In this work, great attention is also devoted to infectivity and transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the literature analysis shows that sewage sludge and landfill leachate seem to have a remote chance to act as a virus transmission route (pollution-to-human transmission) due to improper collection and treatment of municipal wastewater and solid waste. However due to the incertitude about virus infectivity, these possibilities cannot be excluded and need further investigation. As a conclusion, this paper shows that additional research is required not only on the coronavirus-specific disinfection, but also the regular surveillance or monitoring of viral loads in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate. The disinfection strategies need to be optimized in terms of dosage and potential adverse impacts like antimicrobial resistance, among many other factors. Finally, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic microorganisms in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate can hamper the possibility to ensure safe water and public health in economically marginalized countries and hinder the realization of the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs). Elsevier Inc. 2022-01 2021-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8332740/ /pubmed/34358502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111839 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Anand, Uttpal
Li, Xuan
Sunita, Kumari
Lokhandwala, Snehal
Gautam, Pratibha
Suresh, S.
Sarma, Hemen
Vellingiri, Balachandar
Dey, Abhijit
Bontempi, Elza
Jiang, Guangming
SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation
title SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation
title_full SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation
title_short SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation
title_sort sars-cov-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: a review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8332740/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34358502
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111839
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