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Constructing and Validating Students’ Psychological Contract Violation Scale
For two and a half decades, psychological contracts are researched mainly in work organisations as drivers of the attitudes and behaviours of employees, overlooking the importance of understanding the nature of the psychological contracts of students in higher education. This study constructs and va...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8339198/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34367010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685468 |
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author | Itzkovich, Yariv |
author_facet | Itzkovich, Yariv |
author_sort | Itzkovich, Yariv |
collection | PubMed |
description | For two and a half decades, psychological contracts are researched mainly in work organisations as drivers of the attitudes and behaviours of employees, overlooking the importance of understanding the nature of the psychological contracts of students in higher education. This study constructs and validates a new scale for measuring the perceived psychological contract violations of students in the context of faculty incivility. A mixed-method approach was applied to study the issue in three phases. First, a qualitative method was used to capture and analyse the perceived entitlements of students, as described by 78 college students, resulting in 37 items or elements identified by students as reflecting their psychological contracts. Second, a sample of 244 students was studied to identify the perceptions of violated expectations of students. In the final phase, items were rephrased as expectations and were given to the third sample of 154 undergraduate college students to determine the level of fulfilment of these expectations. Additionally, to ascertain discriminate and convergent validity measures, students were asked about the extent to which they experienced faculty incivility (discriminant validity) and frustration with the quality of interaction with their faculty (convergent validity). From these results, students’ psychological contract violation scale was constructed and validated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8339198 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83391982021-08-06 Constructing and Validating Students’ Psychological Contract Violation Scale Itzkovich, Yariv Front Psychol Psychology For two and a half decades, psychological contracts are researched mainly in work organisations as drivers of the attitudes and behaviours of employees, overlooking the importance of understanding the nature of the psychological contracts of students in higher education. This study constructs and validates a new scale for measuring the perceived psychological contract violations of students in the context of faculty incivility. A mixed-method approach was applied to study the issue in three phases. First, a qualitative method was used to capture and analyse the perceived entitlements of students, as described by 78 college students, resulting in 37 items or elements identified by students as reflecting their psychological contracts. Second, a sample of 244 students was studied to identify the perceptions of violated expectations of students. In the final phase, items were rephrased as expectations and were given to the third sample of 154 undergraduate college students to determine the level of fulfilment of these expectations. Additionally, to ascertain discriminate and convergent validity measures, students were asked about the extent to which they experienced faculty incivility (discriminant validity) and frustration with the quality of interaction with their faculty (convergent validity). From these results, students’ psychological contract violation scale was constructed and validated. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8339198/ /pubmed/34367010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685468 Text en Copyright © 2021 Itzkovich. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Itzkovich, Yariv Constructing and Validating Students’ Psychological Contract Violation Scale |
title | Constructing and Validating Students’ Psychological Contract Violation Scale |
title_full | Constructing and Validating Students’ Psychological Contract Violation Scale |
title_fullStr | Constructing and Validating Students’ Psychological Contract Violation Scale |
title_full_unstemmed | Constructing and Validating Students’ Psychological Contract Violation Scale |
title_short | Constructing and Validating Students’ Psychological Contract Violation Scale |
title_sort | constructing and validating students’ psychological contract violation scale |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8339198/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34367010 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685468 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT itzkovichyariv constructingandvalidatingstudentspsychologicalcontractviolationscale |