Cargando…
Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes
Guanine(G)-rich DNA or RNA sequences can assemble or intramolecularly fold into G-quadruplexes formed through the stacking of planar G·G·G·G tetrads in the presence of monovalent cations. These secondary nucleic acid structures have convincingly been shown to also exist within a cellular environment...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
RSC
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8341446/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34458788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cb00211a |
_version_ | 1783733920528859136 |
---|---|
author | Jana, Jagannath Mohr, Swantje Vianney, Yoanes Maria Weisz, Klaus |
author_facet | Jana, Jagannath Mohr, Swantje Vianney, Yoanes Maria Weisz, Klaus |
author_sort | Jana, Jagannath |
collection | PubMed |
description | Guanine(G)-rich DNA or RNA sequences can assemble or intramolecularly fold into G-quadruplexes formed through the stacking of planar G·G·G·G tetrads in the presence of monovalent cations. These secondary nucleic acid structures have convincingly been shown to also exist within a cellular environment exerting important regulatory functions in physiological processes. For identifying nucleic acid segments prone to quadruplex formation, a putative quadruplex sequence motif encompassing closely spaced tracts of three or more guanosines is frequently employed for bioinformatic search algorithms. Depending on the number and type of intervening residues as well as on solution conditions, such sequences may fold into various canonical G4 topologies with continuous G-columns. On the other hand, a growing number of sequences capable of quadruplex formation feature G-deficient guanine tracts, escaping the conservative consensus motif. By folding into non-canonical quadruplex structures, they adopt unique topologies depending on their specific sequence context. These include G-columns with only two guanines, bulges, snapback loops, D- and V-shaped loops as well as interlocked structures. This review focuses on G-quadruplex species carrying such distinct structural motifs. It evaluates characteristic features of their non-conventional scaffold and highlights principles of stabilizing interactions that also allow for their folding into stable G-quadruplex structures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8341446 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | RSC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83414462021-08-26 Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes Jana, Jagannath Mohr, Swantje Vianney, Yoanes Maria Weisz, Klaus RSC Chem Biol Chemistry Guanine(G)-rich DNA or RNA sequences can assemble or intramolecularly fold into G-quadruplexes formed through the stacking of planar G·G·G·G tetrads in the presence of monovalent cations. These secondary nucleic acid structures have convincingly been shown to also exist within a cellular environment exerting important regulatory functions in physiological processes. For identifying nucleic acid segments prone to quadruplex formation, a putative quadruplex sequence motif encompassing closely spaced tracts of three or more guanosines is frequently employed for bioinformatic search algorithms. Depending on the number and type of intervening residues as well as on solution conditions, such sequences may fold into various canonical G4 topologies with continuous G-columns. On the other hand, a growing number of sequences capable of quadruplex formation feature G-deficient guanine tracts, escaping the conservative consensus motif. By folding into non-canonical quadruplex structures, they adopt unique topologies depending on their specific sequence context. These include G-columns with only two guanines, bulges, snapback loops, D- and V-shaped loops as well as interlocked structures. This review focuses on G-quadruplex species carrying such distinct structural motifs. It evaluates characteristic features of their non-conventional scaffold and highlights principles of stabilizing interactions that also allow for their folding into stable G-quadruplex structures. RSC 2021-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8341446/ /pubmed/34458788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cb00211a Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Jana, Jagannath Mohr, Swantje Vianney, Yoanes Maria Weisz, Klaus Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes |
title | Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes |
title_full | Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes |
title_fullStr | Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes |
title_short | Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes |
title_sort | structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical g-quadruplexes |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8341446/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34458788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cb00211a |
work_keys_str_mv | AT janajagannath structuralmotifsandintramolecularinteractionsinnoncanonicalgquadruplexes AT mohrswantje structuralmotifsandintramolecularinteractionsinnoncanonicalgquadruplexes AT vianneyyoanesmaria structuralmotifsandintramolecularinteractionsinnoncanonicalgquadruplexes AT weiszklaus structuralmotifsandintramolecularinteractionsinnoncanonicalgquadruplexes |