Real-World Healthcare Resource Utilization (HRU) and Costs of Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Receiving Eculizumab in a US Population

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the economic burden and treatment patterns of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) treated with eculizumab, a C5 inhibitor, who were defined as blood transfusion-dependent (TD) versus blood transfusion-free (TF) in the US population. METHODS: Patients aged at least 12 years with at least two claims for eculizumab infusion (first claim was the index date) were identified from the IBM(®) MarketScan(®) Research Databases (April 1, 2014–September 30, 2019). The overall PNH eculizumab user cohort was stratified into the TD cohort (i.e., at least one claim for blood transfusion within 6 months following any eculizumab infusion, including on the infusion date) or the TF cohort (i.e., all non-TD patients). Treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and costs were evaluated and compared during follow-up (i.e., index date to end of enrollment or data availability). RESULTS: Of 151 patients in the overall cohort (mean age 36.7 years; 55.6% female), 55 were TD (mean age 35.1 years; 67.3% female) and 96 were TF (mean age 37.6 years; 49.0% female). A total of 61% of patients (TD, 66%; TF, 58%) discontinued eculizumab, with TD patients having a shorter median time to discontinuation (TD, 0.5 years; TF, 0.9 years). TD patients had more all-cause hospitalizations than TF patients (p < 0.05). TD patients incurred higher all-cause direct medical costs (adjusted cost difference = $247,848) and medical-related absenteeism costs (adjusted cost difference = $4186) than TF patients (all p < 0.05), largely driven by hospitalizations. Similar trends were observed for PNH-related HRU and costs. CONCLUSIONS: The economic burden of patients with PNH treated with eculizumab is greater among those dependent on blood transfusions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-021-01825-4.