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The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First‐Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) historically is treated with first‐line platinum‐based combination chemotherapy, preferably cisplatin plus gemcitabine whenever possible. In recent years, multiple classes of targeted therapy have demonstrated benefit, with some receiving approval in...

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Autores principales: Lavoie, Jean‐Michel, Sridhar, Srikala S., Ong, Michael, North, Scott, Alimohamed, Nimira, McLeod, Deanna, Eigl, Bernhard J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342568/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34028134
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/onco.13827
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author Lavoie, Jean‐Michel
Sridhar, Srikala S.
Ong, Michael
North, Scott
Alimohamed, Nimira
McLeod, Deanna
Eigl, Bernhard J.
author_facet Lavoie, Jean‐Michel
Sridhar, Srikala S.
Ong, Michael
North, Scott
Alimohamed, Nimira
McLeod, Deanna
Eigl, Bernhard J.
author_sort Lavoie, Jean‐Michel
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) historically is treated with first‐line platinum‐based combination chemotherapy, preferably cisplatin plus gemcitabine whenever possible. In recent years, multiple classes of targeted therapy have demonstrated benefit, with some receiving approval in mUC. This review will summarize phase III efficacy and safety data for targeted agents, principally immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as either first‐line or first‐line switch‐maintenance therapy for mUC and interpret these findings in the context of the current treatment landscape. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published and presented phase III data on targeted therapy for the first‐line or first‐line switch‐maintenance treatment of mUC were identified using the key search terms “targeted therapy” AND “urothelial carcinoma” AND “advanced” OR respective aliases according to the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS: Of the six eligible phase III targeted therapy trials, two assessing ICIs met their primary endpoints in platinum‐eligible patients. First‐line ICI plus chemotherapy combinations have not improved overall survival (OS), although final OS results of the IMVigor 130 trial are pending. Switch‐maintenance using an ICI in patients achieving at least stable disease following platinum‐based chemotherapy statistically significantly improved OS (21.4 vs. 14.3 months, hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.86; p = .001). Current sequencing options for mUC include first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with a switch to ICI either immediately or upon disease progression. CONCLUSION: Recent targeted therapy trials have expanded ICI sequencing options for mUC. The treatment landscape is likely to evolve rapidly, with results from multiple phase III trials expected in the next 5 years. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Multiple classes of targeted agents are approved for use in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Six phase III trials have recently provided insight on the benefit of these agents in the first‐line setting. In platinum‐eligible patients, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy failed to demonstrate improved survival, although ICI monotherapy as switch‐maintenance significantly improved overall survival in patients with mUC who had achieved at least stable disease following first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. In patients ineligible for any chemotherapy, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, or pembrolizumab in combination with enfortumab vedotin may be options.
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spelling pubmed-83425682021-08-11 The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First‐Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review Lavoie, Jean‐Michel Sridhar, Srikala S. Ong, Michael North, Scott Alimohamed, Nimira McLeod, Deanna Eigl, Bernhard J. Oncologist Genitourinary Cancer BACKGROUND: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) historically is treated with first‐line platinum‐based combination chemotherapy, preferably cisplatin plus gemcitabine whenever possible. In recent years, multiple classes of targeted therapy have demonstrated benefit, with some receiving approval in mUC. This review will summarize phase III efficacy and safety data for targeted agents, principally immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as either first‐line or first‐line switch‐maintenance therapy for mUC and interpret these findings in the context of the current treatment landscape. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published and presented phase III data on targeted therapy for the first‐line or first‐line switch‐maintenance treatment of mUC were identified using the key search terms “targeted therapy” AND “urothelial carcinoma” AND “advanced” OR respective aliases according to the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS: Of the six eligible phase III targeted therapy trials, two assessing ICIs met their primary endpoints in platinum‐eligible patients. First‐line ICI plus chemotherapy combinations have not improved overall survival (OS), although final OS results of the IMVigor 130 trial are pending. Switch‐maintenance using an ICI in patients achieving at least stable disease following platinum‐based chemotherapy statistically significantly improved OS (21.4 vs. 14.3 months, hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.86; p = .001). Current sequencing options for mUC include first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with a switch to ICI either immediately or upon disease progression. CONCLUSION: Recent targeted therapy trials have expanded ICI sequencing options for mUC. The treatment landscape is likely to evolve rapidly, with results from multiple phase III trials expected in the next 5 years. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Multiple classes of targeted agents are approved for use in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Six phase III trials have recently provided insight on the benefit of these agents in the first‐line setting. In platinum‐eligible patients, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy failed to demonstrate improved survival, although ICI monotherapy as switch‐maintenance significantly improved overall survival in patients with mUC who had achieved at least stable disease following first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. In patients ineligible for any chemotherapy, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, or pembrolizumab in combination with enfortumab vedotin may be options. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2021-06-11 2021-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8342568/ /pubmed/34028134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/onco.13827 Text en © 2021 The Authors. The Oncologist published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of AlphaMed Press. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Genitourinary Cancer
Lavoie, Jean‐Michel
Sridhar, Srikala S.
Ong, Michael
North, Scott
Alimohamed, Nimira
McLeod, Deanna
Eigl, Bernhard J.
The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First‐Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review
title The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First‐Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_full The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First‐Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First‐Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First‐Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_short The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First‐Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_sort rapidly evolving landscape of first‐line targeted therapy in metastatic urothelial cancer: a systematic review
topic Genitourinary Cancer
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342568/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34028134
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/onco.13827
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