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Accessibility to Reproductive Technologies by Low-Income Beef Farmers in South Africa
This study address historical legacy of South Africa that has dual economies resembling low and high income beef sectors. Low-income herds are farmed mainly under communal village or land reform farms. The study focused on providing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to the low-income sector...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342943/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34368267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.611182 |
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author | Nengovhela, Nkhanedzeni Baldwin Mugwabana, Thinawanga Joseph Nephawe, Khathutshelo Agree Nedambale, Tshimangadzo Lucky |
author_facet | Nengovhela, Nkhanedzeni Baldwin Mugwabana, Thinawanga Joseph Nephawe, Khathutshelo Agree Nedambale, Tshimangadzo Lucky |
author_sort | Nengovhela, Nkhanedzeni Baldwin |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study address historical legacy of South Africa that has dual economies resembling low and high income beef sectors. Low-income herds are farmed mainly under communal village or land reform farms. The study focused on providing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to the low-income sector including finding challenges to its implementation and adoption. The study was conducted in Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces using mixed methods that looked at cows and sectors stakeholders. Data collected and evaluated on cows included breed type, frame size, body condition, age parity, and lactation status. Cows were exposed to ART through synchronisation, oestrus detection, fixed time artificial insemination and pregnancy diagnosis. Qualitative data was collected to study perception of key stakeholders on ART implementation and adoption. Chi-Square Test was computed to determine the association among cow factors. Qualitative data was collected, coded and managed into themes using Nvivo Version 11. Themes that emerged were interpreted using critical social and systems thinking. Conception rate was not independent of provinces (P < 0.05), cow body condition score (BCS) and body frame size. KwaZulu-Natal cows had the highest conception rate at 66% (P < 0.05) than Limpopo (44%) and Mpumalanga (60%) provinces. Cows with a BCS higher than 3.5 had higher conception rate (P < 0.05) than those with BCS of <2.5 and 3. Interestingly, large framed cow size had higher conception rate than medium and small framed (P < 0.05) cows. The study achieved a 100% calf survival rate. Calving rate was influenced by body BCS, province and district (P < 0.05). Calving rate of 58% in Mpumalanga and 54% in KwaZulu-Natal was higher than that recorded in Limpopo at 36% (P < 0.05). Interestingly, cows with BCS of <2.5 had a higher calving rate than those with a higher body condition score of 3 (P < 0.05). Perception study results revealed many factors that could affect the adoption and implementation of ART in the study areas. The high success rate and above average reproductive performance led to North West and KwaZulu-Natal provinces adopting ART as part of their low-income beef sector support. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8342943 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83429432021-08-07 Accessibility to Reproductive Technologies by Low-Income Beef Farmers in South Africa Nengovhela, Nkhanedzeni Baldwin Mugwabana, Thinawanga Joseph Nephawe, Khathutshelo Agree Nedambale, Tshimangadzo Lucky Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science This study address historical legacy of South Africa that has dual economies resembling low and high income beef sectors. Low-income herds are farmed mainly under communal village or land reform farms. The study focused on providing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to the low-income sector including finding challenges to its implementation and adoption. The study was conducted in Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces using mixed methods that looked at cows and sectors stakeholders. Data collected and evaluated on cows included breed type, frame size, body condition, age parity, and lactation status. Cows were exposed to ART through synchronisation, oestrus detection, fixed time artificial insemination and pregnancy diagnosis. Qualitative data was collected to study perception of key stakeholders on ART implementation and adoption. Chi-Square Test was computed to determine the association among cow factors. Qualitative data was collected, coded and managed into themes using Nvivo Version 11. Themes that emerged were interpreted using critical social and systems thinking. Conception rate was not independent of provinces (P < 0.05), cow body condition score (BCS) and body frame size. KwaZulu-Natal cows had the highest conception rate at 66% (P < 0.05) than Limpopo (44%) and Mpumalanga (60%) provinces. Cows with a BCS higher than 3.5 had higher conception rate (P < 0.05) than those with BCS of <2.5 and 3. Interestingly, large framed cow size had higher conception rate than medium and small framed (P < 0.05) cows. The study achieved a 100% calf survival rate. Calving rate was influenced by body BCS, province and district (P < 0.05). Calving rate of 58% in Mpumalanga and 54% in KwaZulu-Natal was higher than that recorded in Limpopo at 36% (P < 0.05). Interestingly, cows with BCS of <2.5 had a higher calving rate than those with a higher body condition score of 3 (P < 0.05). Perception study results revealed many factors that could affect the adoption and implementation of ART in the study areas. The high success rate and above average reproductive performance led to North West and KwaZulu-Natal provinces adopting ART as part of their low-income beef sector support. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8342943/ /pubmed/34368267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.611182 Text en Copyright © 2021 Nengovhela, Mugwabana, Nephawe and Nedambale. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Nengovhela, Nkhanedzeni Baldwin Mugwabana, Thinawanga Joseph Nephawe, Khathutshelo Agree Nedambale, Tshimangadzo Lucky Accessibility to Reproductive Technologies by Low-Income Beef Farmers in South Africa |
title | Accessibility to Reproductive Technologies by Low-Income Beef Farmers in South Africa |
title_full | Accessibility to Reproductive Technologies by Low-Income Beef Farmers in South Africa |
title_fullStr | Accessibility to Reproductive Technologies by Low-Income Beef Farmers in South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Accessibility to Reproductive Technologies by Low-Income Beef Farmers in South Africa |
title_short | Accessibility to Reproductive Technologies by Low-Income Beef Farmers in South Africa |
title_sort | accessibility to reproductive technologies by low-income beef farmers in south africa |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342943/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34368267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.611182 |
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