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Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation

This study investigates the response of standing passengers on public transport who experience balance perturbations during non-collision incidents. The objective of the study was to analyse the effects of the perturbation characteristics on the initial responses of the passengers and their ability...

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Autores principales: Krašna, Simon, Keller, Arne, Linder, Astrid, Silvano, Ary P., Xu, Jia-Cheng, Thomson, Robert, Klug, Corina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8343014/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34368094
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.680883
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author Krašna, Simon
Keller, Arne
Linder, Astrid
Silvano, Ary P.
Xu, Jia-Cheng
Thomson, Robert
Klug, Corina
author_facet Krašna, Simon
Keller, Arne
Linder, Astrid
Silvano, Ary P.
Xu, Jia-Cheng
Thomson, Robert
Klug, Corina
author_sort Krašna, Simon
collection PubMed
description This study investigates the response of standing passengers on public transport who experience balance perturbations during non-collision incidents. The objective of the study was to analyse the effects of the perturbation characteristics on the initial responses of the passengers and their ability to maintain their balance. Sled tests were conducted on healthy volunteers aged 33.8 ± 9.2 years (13 males, 11 females) standing on a moving platform, facilitating measurements of the initial muscle activity and stepping response of the volunteers. The volunteers were exposed to five different perturbation profiles representing typical braking and accelerating manoeuvres of a public transport bus in the forward and backward direction. The sequence of muscle activations in lower-extremity muscles was consistent for the perturbation pulses applied. For the three acceleration pulses combining two magnitudes for acceleration (1.5 and 3.0 m/s(2)) and jerk (5.6 and 11.3 m/s(3)), the shortest muscle onset and stepping times for the passengers to recover their balance were observed with the higher jerk value, while the profile with the higher acceleration magnitude and longer duration induced more recovery steps and a higher rate of safety-harness deployment. The tendency for a shorter response time was observed for the female volunteers. For the two braking pulses (1.0 and 2.5 m/s(2)), only the lower magnitude pulse allowed balance recovery without compensatory stepping. The results obtained provide a reference dataset for human body modelling, the development of virtual test protocols, and operational limits for improving the safety of public transportation vehicles and users.
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spelling pubmed-83430142021-08-07 Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation Krašna, Simon Keller, Arne Linder, Astrid Silvano, Ary P. Xu, Jia-Cheng Thomson, Robert Klug, Corina Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology This study investigates the response of standing passengers on public transport who experience balance perturbations during non-collision incidents. The objective of the study was to analyse the effects of the perturbation characteristics on the initial responses of the passengers and their ability to maintain their balance. Sled tests were conducted on healthy volunteers aged 33.8 ± 9.2 years (13 males, 11 females) standing on a moving platform, facilitating measurements of the initial muscle activity and stepping response of the volunteers. The volunteers were exposed to five different perturbation profiles representing typical braking and accelerating manoeuvres of a public transport bus in the forward and backward direction. The sequence of muscle activations in lower-extremity muscles was consistent for the perturbation pulses applied. For the three acceleration pulses combining two magnitudes for acceleration (1.5 and 3.0 m/s(2)) and jerk (5.6 and 11.3 m/s(3)), the shortest muscle onset and stepping times for the passengers to recover their balance were observed with the higher jerk value, while the profile with the higher acceleration magnitude and longer duration induced more recovery steps and a higher rate of safety-harness deployment. The tendency for a shorter response time was observed for the female volunteers. For the two braking pulses (1.0 and 2.5 m/s(2)), only the lower magnitude pulse allowed balance recovery without compensatory stepping. The results obtained provide a reference dataset for human body modelling, the development of virtual test protocols, and operational limits for improving the safety of public transportation vehicles and users. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8343014/ /pubmed/34368094 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.680883 Text en Copyright © 2021 Krašna, Keller, Linder, Silvano, Xu, Thomson and Klug. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Krašna, Simon
Keller, Arne
Linder, Astrid
Silvano, Ary P.
Xu, Jia-Cheng
Thomson, Robert
Klug, Corina
Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation
title Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation
title_full Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation
title_fullStr Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation
title_full_unstemmed Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation
title_short Human Response to Longitudinal Perturbations of Standing Passengers on Public Transport During Regular Operation
title_sort human response to longitudinal perturbations of standing passengers on public transport during regular operation
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8343014/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34368094
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.680883
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