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The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The abundance of microbial species residing within tumors is correlated to cancer progression across many different cancers, including bladder cancer. However, links between the intratumor microbiome of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and specific mechanisms of cancer progressi...

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Autores principales: Li, Wei Tse, Iyangar, Anjali S., Reddy, Rohan, Chakladar, Jaideep, Bhargava, Valmik, Sakamoto, Kyoko, Ongkeko, Weg M., Rajasekaran, Mahadevan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344975/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359550
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153649
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author Li, Wei Tse
Iyangar, Anjali S.
Reddy, Rohan
Chakladar, Jaideep
Bhargava, Valmik
Sakamoto, Kyoko
Ongkeko, Weg M.
Rajasekaran, Mahadevan
author_facet Li, Wei Tse
Iyangar, Anjali S.
Reddy, Rohan
Chakladar, Jaideep
Bhargava, Valmik
Sakamoto, Kyoko
Ongkeko, Weg M.
Rajasekaran, Mahadevan
author_sort Li, Wei Tse
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The abundance of microbial species residing within tumors is correlated to cancer progression across many different cancers, including bladder cancer. However, links between the intratumor microbiome of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and specific mechanisms of cancer progression have not been well studied. In this paper, we aim to uncover the relationship between microbial abundance in the MIBC intratumor microbiome and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), one key feature of cancer progression. By comparing the gene expression of EMT-associated genes to the abundance of intratumor microbes in MIBC patients, we found significant correlations between the abundance of microbes and either the upregulation or downregulation of EMT-associated genes. Our findings call for an investigation of possible mechanisms through which the microbiome may regulate EMT in MIBC patients. With further investigation, our findings can be used to provide a new, microbial approach in the diagnosis and therapy of MIBC. ABSTRACT: The intra-tumor microbiome has recently been linked to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a number of cancers. However, the relationship between EMT and microbes in bladder cancer has not been explored. In this study, we profiled the abundance of individual microbe species in the tumor samples of over 400 muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) patients. We then correlated microbe abundance to the expression of EMT-associated genes and genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which are key players in EMT. We discovered that a variety of microbes, including E. coli, butyrate-producing bacterium SM4/1, and a species of Oscillatoria, were associated with expression of classical EMT-associated genes, including E-cadherin, vimentin, SNAI2, SNAI3, and TWIST1. We also found significant correlations between microbial abundance and the expression of genes in the ECM, specifically collagens and elastin. Lastly, we found that a large number of microbes exhibiting significant correlations to EMT are also associated with clinical prognosis and outcomes. We further determined that the microbes we profiled were likely not environmental contaminants. In conclusion, we discovered that the intra-tumoral microbiome could potentially play a significant role in the regulation of EMT in MIBC.
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spelling pubmed-83449752021-08-07 The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma Li, Wei Tse Iyangar, Anjali S. Reddy, Rohan Chakladar, Jaideep Bhargava, Valmik Sakamoto, Kyoko Ongkeko, Weg M. Rajasekaran, Mahadevan Cancers (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The abundance of microbial species residing within tumors is correlated to cancer progression across many different cancers, including bladder cancer. However, links between the intratumor microbiome of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and specific mechanisms of cancer progression have not been well studied. In this paper, we aim to uncover the relationship between microbial abundance in the MIBC intratumor microbiome and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), one key feature of cancer progression. By comparing the gene expression of EMT-associated genes to the abundance of intratumor microbes in MIBC patients, we found significant correlations between the abundance of microbes and either the upregulation or downregulation of EMT-associated genes. Our findings call for an investigation of possible mechanisms through which the microbiome may regulate EMT in MIBC patients. With further investigation, our findings can be used to provide a new, microbial approach in the diagnosis and therapy of MIBC. ABSTRACT: The intra-tumor microbiome has recently been linked to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a number of cancers. However, the relationship between EMT and microbes in bladder cancer has not been explored. In this study, we profiled the abundance of individual microbe species in the tumor samples of over 400 muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) patients. We then correlated microbe abundance to the expression of EMT-associated genes and genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which are key players in EMT. We discovered that a variety of microbes, including E. coli, butyrate-producing bacterium SM4/1, and a species of Oscillatoria, were associated with expression of classical EMT-associated genes, including E-cadherin, vimentin, SNAI2, SNAI3, and TWIST1. We also found significant correlations between microbial abundance and the expression of genes in the ECM, specifically collagens and elastin. Lastly, we found that a large number of microbes exhibiting significant correlations to EMT are also associated with clinical prognosis and outcomes. We further determined that the microbes we profiled were likely not environmental contaminants. In conclusion, we discovered that the intra-tumoral microbiome could potentially play a significant role in the regulation of EMT in MIBC. MDPI 2021-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8344975/ /pubmed/34359550 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153649 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Li, Wei Tse
Iyangar, Anjali S.
Reddy, Rohan
Chakladar, Jaideep
Bhargava, Valmik
Sakamoto, Kyoko
Ongkeko, Weg M.
Rajasekaran, Mahadevan
The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma
title The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma
title_full The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma
title_fullStr The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma
title_short The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma
title_sort bladder microbiome is associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition in muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344975/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359550
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153649
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