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Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Clinical Perspective
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and the most aggressive brain tumor. Even with the most current treatment, its prognosis remains dismal. Immunotherapies, novel cancer therapies using the patient’s own immune system to fight cancer, have revolutionized the treatment of numerous canc...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345081/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153721 |
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author | Desbaillets, Nicolas Hottinger, Andreas Felix |
author_facet | Desbaillets, Nicolas Hottinger, Andreas Felix |
author_sort | Desbaillets, Nicolas |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and the most aggressive brain tumor. Even with the most current treatment, its prognosis remains dismal. Immunotherapies, novel cancer therapies using the patient’s own immune system to fight cancer, have revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancer types and generate great hope for glioblastoma. In this review, we analyze the challenges immunotherapy is facing in glioblastoma, present the different immunotherapy approaches with corresponding key clinical trial findings, and finally discuss limitations and how they might be overcome. Proof of efficacy for immunotherapies remains to be demonstrated in glioblastoma, but novel combinatorial approaches remain promising. ABSTRACT: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and the most aggressive brain tumor. It is notoriously resistant to current treatments, and the prognosis remains dismal. Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancer types and generate great hope for glioblastoma, alas without success until now. In this review, the rationale underlying immune targeting of glioblastoma, as well as the challenges faced when targeting these highly immunosuppressive tumors, are discussed. Innovative immune-targeting strategies including cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, checkpoint blockade inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, and CAR T cells that have been investigated in glioblastoma are reviewed. From a clinical perspective, key clinical trial findings and ongoing trials are discussed for each approach. Finally, limitations, either biological or arising from trial designs are analyzed, and strategies to overcome them are presented. Proof of efficacy for immunotherapy approaches remains to be demonstrated in glioblastoma, but our rapidly expanding understanding of its biology, its immune microenvironment, and the emergence of novel promising combinatorial approaches might allow researchers to finally fulfill the medical need for GBM patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8345081 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83450812021-08-07 Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Clinical Perspective Desbaillets, Nicolas Hottinger, Andreas Felix Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and the most aggressive brain tumor. Even with the most current treatment, its prognosis remains dismal. Immunotherapies, novel cancer therapies using the patient’s own immune system to fight cancer, have revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancer types and generate great hope for glioblastoma. In this review, we analyze the challenges immunotherapy is facing in glioblastoma, present the different immunotherapy approaches with corresponding key clinical trial findings, and finally discuss limitations and how they might be overcome. Proof of efficacy for immunotherapies remains to be demonstrated in glioblastoma, but novel combinatorial approaches remain promising. ABSTRACT: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and the most aggressive brain tumor. It is notoriously resistant to current treatments, and the prognosis remains dismal. Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancer types and generate great hope for glioblastoma, alas without success until now. In this review, the rationale underlying immune targeting of glioblastoma, as well as the challenges faced when targeting these highly immunosuppressive tumors, are discussed. Innovative immune-targeting strategies including cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, checkpoint blockade inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, and CAR T cells that have been investigated in glioblastoma are reviewed. From a clinical perspective, key clinical trial findings and ongoing trials are discussed for each approach. Finally, limitations, either biological or arising from trial designs are analyzed, and strategies to overcome them are presented. Proof of efficacy for immunotherapy approaches remains to be demonstrated in glioblastoma, but our rapidly expanding understanding of its biology, its immune microenvironment, and the emergence of novel promising combinatorial approaches might allow researchers to finally fulfill the medical need for GBM patients. MDPI 2021-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8345081/ /pubmed/34359621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153721 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Desbaillets, Nicolas Hottinger, Andreas Felix Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Clinical Perspective |
title | Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Clinical Perspective |
title_full | Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Clinical Perspective |
title_fullStr | Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Clinical Perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Clinical Perspective |
title_short | Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Clinical Perspective |
title_sort | immunotherapy in glioblastoma: a clinical perspective |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345081/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34359621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153721 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT desbailletsnicolas immunotherapyinglioblastomaaclinicalperspective AT hottingerandreasfelix immunotherapyinglioblastomaaclinicalperspective |