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Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978–2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain

No studies have evaluated the influence of pharmaceutical copayment on hospital admission rates using time series analysis. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the relationship between hospital admission rates and the influence of the introduction of a pharmaceutical copayment system (PCS). In July 2012,...

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Autores principales: Palazón-Bru, Antonio, Calvo-Pérez, Miriam, Rico-Ferreira, Pilar, Freire-Ballesta, María Anunciación, Gil-Guillén, Vicente Francisco, Carbonell-Torregrosa, María de los Ángeles
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345418/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34360302
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158009
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author Palazón-Bru, Antonio
Calvo-Pérez, Miriam
Rico-Ferreira, Pilar
Freire-Ballesta, María Anunciación
Gil-Guillén, Vicente Francisco
Carbonell-Torregrosa, María de los Ángeles
author_facet Palazón-Bru, Antonio
Calvo-Pérez, Miriam
Rico-Ferreira, Pilar
Freire-Ballesta, María Anunciación
Gil-Guillén, Vicente Francisco
Carbonell-Torregrosa, María de los Ángeles
author_sort Palazón-Bru, Antonio
collection PubMed
description No studies have evaluated the influence of pharmaceutical copayment on hospital admission rates using time series analysis. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the relationship between hospital admission rates and the influence of the introduction of a pharmaceutical copayment system (PCS). In July 2012, a PCS was implemented in Spain, and we designed a time series analysis (1978–2018) to assess its impact on emergency hospital admissions. Hospital admission rates were estimated between 1978 and 2018 each month using the Hospital Morbidity Survey in Spain (the number of urgent hospital admissions per 100,000 inhabitants). This was conducted for men, women and both and for all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory hospital discharges. Life expectancy was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. The copayment variable took a value of 0 before its implementation (pre-PCS: January 1978–June 2012) and 1 after that (post-PCS: July 2012–December 2018). ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) (2,0,0)(1,0,0) models were estimated with two predictors (life expectancy and copayment implementation). Pharmaceutical copayment did not influence hospital admission rates (with p-values between 0.448 and 0.925) and there was even a reduction in the rates for most of the analyses performed. In conclusion, the PCS did not influence hospital admission rates. More studies are needed to design health policies that strike a balance between the amount contributed by the taxpayer and hospital admission rates.
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spelling pubmed-83454182021-08-07 Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978–2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain Palazón-Bru, Antonio Calvo-Pérez, Miriam Rico-Ferreira, Pilar Freire-Ballesta, María Anunciación Gil-Guillén, Vicente Francisco Carbonell-Torregrosa, María de los Ángeles Int J Environ Res Public Health Article No studies have evaluated the influence of pharmaceutical copayment on hospital admission rates using time series analysis. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the relationship between hospital admission rates and the influence of the introduction of a pharmaceutical copayment system (PCS). In July 2012, a PCS was implemented in Spain, and we designed a time series analysis (1978–2018) to assess its impact on emergency hospital admissions. Hospital admission rates were estimated between 1978 and 2018 each month using the Hospital Morbidity Survey in Spain (the number of urgent hospital admissions per 100,000 inhabitants). This was conducted for men, women and both and for all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory hospital discharges. Life expectancy was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. The copayment variable took a value of 0 before its implementation (pre-PCS: January 1978–June 2012) and 1 after that (post-PCS: July 2012–December 2018). ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) (2,0,0)(1,0,0) models were estimated with two predictors (life expectancy and copayment implementation). Pharmaceutical copayment did not influence hospital admission rates (with p-values between 0.448 and 0.925) and there was even a reduction in the rates for most of the analyses performed. In conclusion, the PCS did not influence hospital admission rates. More studies are needed to design health policies that strike a balance between the amount contributed by the taxpayer and hospital admission rates. MDPI 2021-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8345418/ /pubmed/34360302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158009 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Palazón-Bru, Antonio
Calvo-Pérez, Miriam
Rico-Ferreira, Pilar
Freire-Ballesta, María Anunciación
Gil-Guillén, Vicente Francisco
Carbonell-Torregrosa, María de los Ángeles
Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978–2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain
title Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978–2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain
title_full Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978–2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain
title_fullStr Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978–2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978–2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain
title_short Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978–2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain
title_sort influence of pharmaceutical copayment on emergency hospital admissions: a 1978–2018 time series analysis in spain
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345418/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34360302
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158009
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