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MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake
Obesity is a global pandemic with a large health and economic burden worldwide. Bodyweight is regulated by the ability of the CNS, and especially the hypothalamus, to orchestrate the function of peripheral organs that play a key role in metabolism. Gut hormones play a fundamental role in the regulat...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Bioscientifica Ltd
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345901/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34260412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0277 |
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author | Nogueiras, Ruben |
author_facet | Nogueiras, Ruben |
author_sort | Nogueiras, Ruben |
collection | PubMed |
description | Obesity is a global pandemic with a large health and economic burden worldwide. Bodyweight is regulated by the ability of the CNS, and especially the hypothalamus, to orchestrate the function of peripheral organs that play a key role in metabolism. Gut hormones play a fundamental role in the regulation of energy balance, as they modulate not only feeding behavior but also energy expenditure and nutrient partitioning. This review examines the recent discoveries about hormones produced in the stomach and gut, which have been reported to regulate food intake and energy expenditure in preclinical models. Some of these hormones act on the hypothalamus to modulate thermogenesis and adiposity in a food intake-independent fashion. Finally, the association of these gut hormones to eating, energy expenditure, and weight loss after bariatric surgery in humans is discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8345901 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Bioscientifica Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83459012021-08-10 MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake Nogueiras, Ruben Eur J Endocrinol Review Obesity is a global pandemic with a large health and economic burden worldwide. Bodyweight is regulated by the ability of the CNS, and especially the hypothalamus, to orchestrate the function of peripheral organs that play a key role in metabolism. Gut hormones play a fundamental role in the regulation of energy balance, as they modulate not only feeding behavior but also energy expenditure and nutrient partitioning. This review examines the recent discoveries about hormones produced in the stomach and gut, which have been reported to regulate food intake and energy expenditure in preclinical models. Some of these hormones act on the hypothalamus to modulate thermogenesis and adiposity in a food intake-independent fashion. Finally, the association of these gut hormones to eating, energy expenditure, and weight loss after bariatric surgery in humans is discussed. Bioscientifica Ltd 2021-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8345901/ /pubmed/34260412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0277 Text en © The authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Nogueiras, Ruben MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake |
title | MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake |
title_full | MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake |
title_fullStr | MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake |
title_full_unstemmed | MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake |
title_short | MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake |
title_sort | mechanisms in endocrinology: the gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345901/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34260412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0277 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nogueirasruben mechanismsinendocrinologythegutbrainaxisregulatingenergybalanceindependentoffoodintake |