A Potential Oncogenic Role for PFKFB3 Overexpression in Gastric Cancer Progression

PFKFB3 regulates glycolysis in tumor cells, might function as an oncogene, and is associated with cancer metastasis. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. METHODS: PFKFB3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in GC tissues and paired paracancerous histological normal tissues (PCHNTs). The associations of PFKFB3 expression with clinical features and HIF-1α, Ki-67, E-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin expression levels were assessed. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the effects of PFKFB3 on the growth, migration, and invasion of GC cells. RESULTS: We found that PFKFB3 expression was significantly higher in GC tissues compared with PCHNTs (P = 0.000). PFKFB3 expression was positively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.000), differentiation (P = 0.025), venous invasion (P = 0.084), nerve invasion (P = 0.014), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.000), local invasion (P = 0.000), invasive depth (P = 0.000), nodal metastasis (P = 0.000), tumor-node-metastasis stage (P = 0.000), and patient survival (P = 0.000). Notably, PFKFB3 upregulation was highly correlated with increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC samples. PFKFB3 overexpression positively modulated cell proliferation, migration, and EMT in GC cells in vitro, with concomitant activation of NF-κB signaling. Administration of an NF-κB inhibitor attenuated PFKFB3-induced EMT in GC cells. PFKFB3 overexpression promoted tumor development and EMT in nude mice, which were attenuated by PFK-15, a PFKFB3 inhibitor. DISCUSSION: PFKFB3 could potentiate malignancy in GC cells through NF-κB pathway–mediated EMT, suggesting PFKFB3 represents a potential target for GC therapy.